Harmonic scalpel versus flexible CO2 laser for tongue resection: A histopathological analysis of thermal damage in human
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RESEARCH
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
Open Access
Harmonic scalpel versus flexible CO2 laser for tongue resection: A histopathological analysis of thermal damage in human cadavers Duncan F Hanby1, Grayson Gremillion1, Arthur W Zieske2, Bridget Loehn1, Richard Whitworth3, Tamir Wolf4, Anagha C Kakade5 and Rohan R Walvekar1*
Abstract Background: Monopolar cautery is the most commonly used surgical cutting and hemostatic tool for head and neck surgery. There are newer technologies that are being utilized with the goal of precise cutting, decreasing blood loss, reducing thermal damage, and allowing faster wound healing. Our study compares thermal damage caused by Harmonic scalpel and CO2 laser to cadaveric tongue. Methods: Two fresh human cadaver heads were enrolled for the study. Oral tongue was exposed and incisions were made in the tongue akin to a tongue tumor resection using the harmonic scalpel and flexible C02 laser fiber at various settings recommended for surgery. The margins of resection were sampled, labeled, and sent for pathological analysis to assess depth of thermal damage calculated in millimeters. The pathologist was blinded to the surgical tool used. Control tongue tissue was also sent for comparison as a baseline for comparison. Results: Three tongue samples were studied to assess depth of thermal damage by harmonic scalpel. The mean depth of thermal damage was 0.69 (range, 0.51 - 0.82). Five tongue samples were studied to assess depth of thermal damage by CO2 laser. The mean depth of thermal damage was 0.3 (range, 0.22 to 0.43). As expected, control samples showed 0 mm of thermal damage. There was a statistically significant difference between the depth of thermal injury to tongue resection margins by harmonic scalpel as compared to CO2 laser, (p = 0.003). Conclusion: In a cadaveric model, flexible CO2 laser fiber causes less depth of thermal damage when compared with harmonic scalpel at settings utilized in our study. However, the relevance of this information in terms of wound healing, hemostasis, safety, cost-effectiveness, and surgical outcomes needs to be further studied in clinical settings.
Background There are multiple different options for a cutting tool in head and neck surgery. Monopolar cautery continues to be the gold standard and most commonly used cutting tool in most parts of the world. Monopolar cautery is extremely effective. However, it has been shown repeatedly to cause a significant amount of collateral tissue damage [1]. Thermal damage can have deleterious effects on wound healing, safety and clinical outcomes. Alternative technologies such as the harmonic scalpel (Figure 1) and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser are gaining * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
popularity due to their similar effectiveness in cutting and coagulation with a lesser degree of collateral thermal damage. Mu
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