Harnessing the sponge microbiome for industrial biocatalysts
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MINI-REVIEW
Harnessing the sponge microbiome for industrial biocatalysts Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira 1,2
& Clodagh M. Carr
2
&
Alan D. W. Dobson 2,3
&
Marinella Silva Laport 1
Received: 29 May 2020 / Revised: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Within the marine sphere, host-associated microbiomes are receiving growing attention as prolific sources of novel biocatalysts. Given the known biocatalytic potential of poriferan microbial inhabitants, this review focuses on enzymes from the sponge microbiome, with special attention on their relevant properties and the wide range of their potential biotechnological applications within various industries. Cultivable bacterial and filamentous fungal isolates account for the majority of the enzymatic sources. Hydrolases, mainly glycoside hydrolases and carboxylesterases, are the predominant reported group of enzymes, with varying degrees of tolerance to alkaline pH and growing salt concentrations being common. Prospective areas for the application of these microbial enzymes include biorefinery, detergent, food and effluent treatment industries. Finally, alternative strategies to identify novel biocatalysts from the sponge microbiome are addressed, with an emphasis on modern -omics-based approaches that are currently available in the enzyme research arena. By providing this current overview of the field, we hope to not only increase the appetite of researchers to instigate forthcoming studies but also to stress how basic and applied research can pave the way for new biocatalysts from these symbiotic microbial communities in a productive fashion. Key points • The sponge microbiome is a burgeoning source of industrial biocatalysts. • Sponge microbial enzymes have useful habitat-related traits for several industries. • Strategies are provided for the future discovery of microbial enzymes from sponges. Keywords Bacteria . Biodiscovery . Enzymes . Industrial applications . Marine biotechnology . Sponge holobiont
Introduction Aquatic ecosystems are one of the final frontiers for biodiscovery. Oceans and seas comprise more than 71% of the Earth’s surface and 97% of its water content (Schmitt 1997; Costello et al. 2010). While fulfilling an important role in global biogeochemical cycling (Falkowski et al. 2008), they Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10817-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira [email protected] 1
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2
School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
3
Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
are also the largest and most ancient reservoirs of the planet’s biodiversity (Costello and Chaudhary 2016). Human interest in the sustainable exploitation of these marine environ
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