Havana Syndrome Mass Psychogenic Illness and the Real Story Behind t
It is one of the most extraordinary cases in the history of science: the mating calls of insects were mistaken for a “sonic weapon” that led to a major diplomatic row. Since August 2017, the world media has been absorbed in the “attack” on dip
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Havana Syndrome Mass Psychogenic Illness and the Real Story Behind the Embassy Mystery and Hysteria
Havana Syndrome
Robert W. Baloh • Robert E. Bartholomew
Havana Syndrome Mass Psychogenic Illness and the Real Story Behind the Embassy Mystery and Hysteria
Robert W. Baloh Department of Neurology and Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA USA
Robert E. Bartholomew Psychological Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
ISBN 978-3-030-40745-2 ISBN 978-3-030-40746-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40746-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Copernicus imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword I
The so-called acoustic attack on diplomats in the American Embassy in Havana, Cuba, beginning in late 2016, caught the attention of the world media. Those affected mostly reported hearing an unusual sound, often accompanied by pressure or vibration. Sometimes, the noise caused cognitive symptoms such as memory problems. The American Government blamed an acoustic weapon, although sound experts cast doubt on this as a likely cause. A report in the respected Journal of the American Medical Association evaluating the staff affected seemed initially to add further support for physical damage from some kind of external source. Enter Robert Bartholomew and Robert Baloh. Dr. Bartholomew is the world’s leading international expert on mass psychogenic illness. He has been an active researcher in the field for the past 25 years and conducted a meticulous analysis of the Havana episode, drawing on all the available material and his considerable experience of similar illness outbreaks. Dr. Baloh has conducted a similar analysis as a pion
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