Hazard-Based Design of the Bow-Tie Method to Prevent and Mitigate Mine Accidents
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE—PEER-REVIEWED
Hazard-Based Design of the Bow-Tie Method to Prevent and Mitigate Mine Accidents Cong Zhang . Yixin Wei . Zhongxue Li . Yiqing Zhao
Submitted: 25 August 2017 / in revised form: 8 September 2017 ASM International 2017
Abstract The mining trade involves many complicated and interrelated variables—its complex environment, abundant machinery and a plethora of other contributors to accidents. In both developed and developing countries, mining accidents have caused many casualties. However, a universal risk assessment method for mining accidents is has not yet been implemented. Among risk assessment methods, the bow-tie has been used in different industry processes and systems and has proven effective. In this paper, the bow-tie model is utilized to investigate the relationship among mining accident risks, safety measures and possible consequences. The paper illustrates the hazards of mining accidents using US mine accident data. It also shows how the consequences of mine accidents are summarized by laws and regulations of different countries. This paper also introduces a series safety measures from Chinese safety standards and how the safety measures prevent and mitigate risks. At the end of the paper, a case of mine water inrush is applied using the bow-tie approach.
C. Zhang Y. Wei Z. Li Y. Zhao (&) School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mailbox 395, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidain, Beijing 100083, China e-mail: [email protected] C. Zhang e-mail: [email protected] Y. Wei e-mail: [email protected] Z. Li e-mail: [email protected] C. Zhang College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
The results show that the method is effective for analyzing mine safety. Keywords Bow-tie method Mine accident Hazards Safety measures Water inrush
Introduction Classification of Accidents Although mining deaths dropped to historic lows in the 2016 financial year (from October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016) in the USA, 24 deaths occurred in the period. But MSHA’s (Mine Safety and Health Administration) next goal is to reach zero mining deaths [1]. The organization reports that there are 21 classifications of mine accidents. They are listed in Table 1 [2]. In China, the mining sector has far more need of improved safety analysis and implementation. According to the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) [3], although the number of non-coal mining accidents and deaths this year fell 17.3 and 7.5% from a year earlier, respectively, there were nevertheless 205 deaths in the first half of 2016. When combined with the number of coal mining deaths (80 deaths in the first half of the year) [4], it is almost 12 times the rate of the USA. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable risk analysis method for mining accidents to deal with the varying conditions of mines worldwide, including those of both coal and non-coal mines. In recent years, many papers have focused on the risk analysis methodology in the mining sector.
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