Heat- and Fire-Resistant Composite Nanomaterials Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resins
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MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES
Heat- and Fire-Resistant Composite Nanomaterials Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resins Hoang Thanh Haia, A. A. Sertsovaa, A. A. Harhoosha, and E. V. Yurtova, * a
Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received December 19, 2018; revised December 19, 2018; accepted December 20, 2018
Abstract—Heat- and fire-resistant of the composite nanomaterials based on unsaturated polyester resins are produced. Using ZnO nanoparticles and water as fire retardants are found to reduce the combustion rate and to increase the formation of the carbonized residue of composite nanomaterial based on polyester resin. Keywords: nanoparticles, zinc oxide, fire retardants, nanomaterials, fire resistance, heat resistance, unsaturated polyester resins DOI: 10.1134/S0040579520040090
INTRODUCTION Styrene-free unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) and composite materials based on them have a number of unique properties such as high values of impact resistance, adhesion, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance [1]. Composite materials based on UPRs are of great interest for creating reliable materials for the aviation, automotive, building, and railroad industries [2, 3]. However, such materials have low resistance to open flames and high temperatures [4, 5]. In combustion, polyester resins degrade to form toxic gaseous hydrocarbon compounds [6]. Moreover, their combustion is accompanied by the formation of molten polymer drops, which promotes a dramatic increase in the fire area, and intense thermal degradation begins at a temperature of 260–280°C. In this range, the polymer material loses about 80% of its weight [7, 8]. This significantly limits the wider use of the polymer materials in applications characterized by increased requirements for indices of fire hazard and flammability of materials. There are several basic approaches to decreasing the flammability and increasing the heat resistance of polymer composite materials, including those based on polyester resins [4, 9]. One of these approaches is the development of new types of fire retardants [10, 11]. Choosing fire retardants to improve the heat resistance of UPR-based materials and creating composite nanomaterials based on UPR are a major challenge [12, 13]. In this work, the heat and fire resistance of composite nanomaterials based on UPR were improved using zinc oxide nanoparticles and water. Zinc oxide nanoparticles bring about the formation of a protective surface layer and a carbon residue, and water that
occurs as microspheres in the polymer matrix cools the condensed phase of the polymer material and reduces the effect of the heat of the degradation of the material [14]. Much attention in this work was given to studying the production of composite nanomaterials based on UPR, because ensuring the high performance and high heat and fire resistance of a material requires that a fire retardant (zinc oxide nanoparticles and water) should be uniformly distributed throughout the pol
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