Hemoglobin concentration and incident metabolic syndrome: a population-based large-scale cohort study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Hemoglobin concentration and incident metabolic syndrome: a population-based large-scale cohort study Yoshitaka Hashimoto1 • Muhei Tanaka1 • Toshihiro Kimura1 • Noriyuki Kitagawa1 Masahide Hamaguchi1 • Mai Asano1 • Masahiro Yamazaki1 • Yohei Oda1 • Hitoshi Toda2 • Naoto Nakamura1 • Michiaki Fukui1
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Received: 14 January 2015 / Accepted: 27 March 2015 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract Previous cross-sectional studies revealed an association between hemoglobin concentration and a prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the association between hemoglobin concentration and incident MetS remains to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between hemoglobin concentration and incident MetS. We enrolled 2695 subjects (1454 men and 1241 women) and performed 8-year follow-up cohort study. MetS was diagnosed, according to the joint interim statement, when a subject had three or more of the following components: hypertension; hyperglycemia; hypertriglyceridemia; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and abdominal obesity. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of hemoglobin concentration on incident MetS by adjusting for age, body mass index, lifestyle factors, including smoking status, habit of alcohol and habit of exercise, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid. The highest (C157 g/L) and third (151–156 g/L) hemoglobin concentration quartiles were associated with the increased risk of incident MetS compared to the lowest (\145 g/L) hemoglobin concentration quartile after adjusting for covariates in men (multivariate odds ratio (OR) 2.24, 95 % CI 1.34–3.85, P = 0.0021 and multivariate OR 2.03, 95 % CI 1.21–3.45, P = 0.0070). On the other hand,
& Michiaki Fukui [email protected] 1
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Oike Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
there was no association between hemoglobin concentration and incident MetS in women. Hemoglobin concentration was a novel risk marker for incident MetS in men. Keywords Epidemiology Metabolic syndrome Hematological parameters Hemoglobin Abbreviations MetS Metabolic syndrome BMI Body mass index HDL High-density lipoprotein eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the clustering of several cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity [1]. MetS is associated with cardiovascular disease which is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity [2]. In view of its emerging epidemic and impact, an early identification of people at high risk for MetS would help prevent the associated cardiovascular complications. In Japan, the prevalence of MetS, using a joint interim statemen
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