Heuristic Reasoning

How can we advance knowledge? Which methods do we need in order to make new discoveries? How can we rationally evaluate, reconstruct and offer discoveries as a means of improving the ‘method’ of discovery itself? And how can we use findings about scientif

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Emiliano Ippoliti Editor

Heuristic Reasoning

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics Volume 16

Series editor Lorenzo Magnani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Atocha Aliseda Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, Mexico Giuseppe Longo Centre Cavaillès, CNRS - Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France Chris Sinha Lund University, Lund, Sweden Paul Thagard Waterloo University, Waterloo, ON, Canada John Woods University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

About this Series Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics (SAPERE) publishes new developments and advances in all the fields of philosophy, epistemology, and ethics, bringing them together with a cluster of scientific disciplines and technological outcomes: from computer science to life sciences, from economics, law, and education to engineering, logic, and mathematics, from medicine to physics, human sciences, and politics. It aims at covering all the challenging philosophical and ethical themes of contemporary society, making them appropriately applicable to contemporary theoretical, methodological, and practical problems, impasses, controversies, and conflicts. The series includes monographs, lecture notes, selected contributions from specialized conferences and workshops as well as selected Ph.D. theses. Advisory Board A. Abe, Chiba, Japan H. Andersen, Aarhus, Denmark O. Bueno, Coral Gables, USA S. Chandrasekharan, Mumbai, India M. Dascal, Tel Aviv, Israel G.D. Crnkovic, Västerås, Sweden M. Ghins, Lovain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Guarini, Windsor, Canada R. Gudwin, Campinas, Brazil A. Heeffer, Ghent, Belgium M. Hildebrandt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands K.E. Himma, Seattle, USA M. Hoffmann, Atlanta, USA P. Li, Guangzhou, P.R. China G. Minnameier, Frankfurt, Germany M. Morrison, Toronto, Canada Y. Ohsawa, Tokyo, Japan S. Paavola, Helsinki, Finland W. Park, Daejeon, South Korea

A. Pereira, São Paulo, Brazil L.M. Pereira, Caparica, Portugal A.-V. Pietarinen, Helsinki, Finland D. Portides, Nicosia, Cyprus D. Provijn, Ghent, Belgium J. Queiroz, Juiz de Fora, Brazil A. Raftopoulos, Nicosia, Cyprus C. Sakama, Wakayama, Japan C. Schmidt, Le Mans, France G. Schurz, Dusseldorf, Germany N. Schwartz, Buenos Aires, Argentina C. Shelley, Waterloo, Canada F. Stjernfelt, Aarhus, Denmark M. Suarez, Madrid, Spain J. van den Hoven, Delft, The Netherlands P.-P. Verbeek, Enschede, The Netherlands R. Viale, Milan, Italy M. Vorms, Paris, France

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10087

Emiliano Ippoliti Editor

Heuristic Reasoning

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Editor Emiliano Ippoliti Department of Philosophy Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

ISSN  2192-6255 ISSN  2192-6263  (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-09158-7 ISBN 978-3-319-09159-4  (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09159-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014948769 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. Al