Hidden Markov Models Methods and Protocols

This volume aims to provide a new perspective on the broader usage of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) in biology. Hidden Markov Models: Methods and Protocols guides readers through chapters on biological systems; ranging from single biomolecule, cellular leve

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David R. Westhead M. S. Vijayabaskar Editors

Hidden Markov Models Methods and Protocols

METHODS

IN

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651

Hidden Markov Models Methods and Protocols Edited by

David R. Westhead University of Leeds School of Molecular and Cellular Biology Leeds, UK

M.S. Vijayabaskar University of Leeds School of Cellular and Molecular Biology Leeds, UK

Editors David R. Westhead University of Leeds School of Molecular and Cellular Biology Leeds, UK

M.S. Vijayabaskar University of Leeds School of Cellular and Molecular Biology Leeds, UK

ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-6751-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-6753-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-6753-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956251 © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.

Preface The biology of life is highly complex and dynamic, making it an attractive system for us to study and understand. The life-forms on earth range from single-celled organisms to large multicellular organisms and can sustain themselves in a variety of environmental conditions such as hot thermal vents and cold polar ice caps. Our fascination for this diversity has led us to study them in much detail, and we have come to understand that there is a plethora of patterns occurring in nature. For example the migratory patterns of different species of birds, and the presence of specific codons in DNA that allows a gene to be transcrib