Hidden monopole dark matter via axion portal and its implications for direct detection searches, beam-dump experiments,
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Springer
Received: September 20, 2019 Accepted: January 9, 2020 Published: January 29, 2020
Ryuji Daido,a Shu-Yu Hoa and Fuminobu Takahashia,b a
Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan b Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), UTIAS, WPI, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Hidden monopole is a plausible dark matter candidate due to its stability, but its direct experimental search is extremely difficult due to feeble interactions with the standard model particles in the minimal form. Then, we introduce an axion, a, connecting the hidden monopole and the standard model particles and examine the current limits and future prospects of direct dark matter searches and beam-dump experiments. We find two parameter regions around ma = O(10) MeV, fa = O(105 ) GeV and ma = O(100) MeV, fa = O(104 ) GeV where monopole dark matter and the axion are respectively within the reach of the future experiments such as PICO-500 and SHiP. We also note that the hidden photons mainly produced by the axion decay contribute to dark radiation with ∆Neff ' 0.6 which can relax the H0 tension. Keywords: Phenomenological Models ArXiv ePrint: 1909.03627
c The Authors. Open Access, Article funded by SCOAP3 .
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2020)185
JHEP01(2020)185
Hidden monopole dark matter via axion portal and its implications for direct detection searches, beam-dump experiments, and the H0 tension
Contents 1
2 Monopole dark matter 2.1 ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles 2.2 The Witten effect 2.3 Relic abundance
2 2 3 5
3 Spin-dependent monopole-nucleon interactions through the axion portal 6 3.1 Axion portal 6 3.2 Spin-dependent monopole-nucleon scattering cross section 8 3.3 Limits and forecasts of direct DM search experiments 11 4 Implications for axion search experiments
12
5 Discussion and conclusions
14
1
Introduction
Dark matter (DM) is ubiquitous in the universe, making up about a quarter of the present energy density. It is also known to play a crucial role in structure formation. However, what DM is composed of remains one of the great mysteries in particle physics and cosmology. One of the peculiar properties of DM is its stability. Its lifetime must be at least an order of magnitude longer than the current age of the universe [1, 2]. The stability of DM may be ensured by symmetry. For instance, in the WIMP scenario, its stability is usually achieved by imposing Z2 symmetries such as R-parity and KK-parity. It is also possible that the stability of DM is due to an unbroken gauge symmetry (see ref. [3] and references therein). One such example is a hidden magnetic monopole, which is the main focus of this paper. A monopole is a topological defect which appears associated with the spontaneous breaking of a gauge symmetry G down to H with a non-trivial π2 (G/H). The simplest example is the ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopole [4, 5] with G = SU(2) and
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