Hierarchical goal effects on center of mass velocity and eye fixations during gait
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Hierarchical goal effects on center of mass velocity and eye fixations during gait Mohammad R. Saeedpour‑Parizi1 · Shirin E. Hassan2 · Tayebeh Baniasadi1 · Kelly J. Baute3 · John B. Shea1 Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hierarchical goal structure of a yet-to-be performed task on gait and eye fixation behavior while walking to the location of where the task was to be performed. Subjects performed different goal-directed tasks representing three hierarchical levels of planning. The first level of planning consisted of having the subject walk to a bookcase on which an object (a cup) was located in the middle of a shelf. The second level of planning consisted of walking to the bookcase and picking up the cup which was in the middle, on the right side, or on the left side of the bookcase shelf. The third level of planning consisted of walking to the bookcase, picking up the cup which was located in the middle of the bookcase shelf, and moving it to a higher shelf. Findings showed that hierarchal goals do affect center of mass velocity and eye fixation behavior. Center of mass velocity to the bookcase increased with an increase in the number of goals. Subjects decreased gait velocity as they approached the bookcase and adjusted their last steps to accommodate picking up the cup. The findings also demonstrated the important role of vision in controlling gait velocity in goal-directed tasks. Eye fixation duration was more important than the number of eye fixations in controlling gait velocity. Thus, the amount of information gained through object fixation duration is of greater importance than the number of fixations on the object for effective goal achievement. Keywords Goal hierarchy · Center of mass velocity · Eye fixation · Inter-limb coordination
Introduction Goal-directed gait is a frequent activity of daily living (Bieńkiewicz et al. 2014; Mlinac and Feng 2016). Despite this, a few studies have investigated how gait is affected by to be performed goals. Rosenbaum et al. (2012) demonstrated that the goals of the performer can be inferred by the way which they interact with an object for task performance, and this will allow an examination of the influence of goals on task performance. For example, it has been found that subjects tend to grasp a horizontally placed bar differently Communicated by Francesco Lacquaniti. * Mohammad R. Saeedpour‑Parizi [email protected] 1
Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
2
School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
3
A Splendid Earth Wellness LLC, Seymour, IN, USA
depending on which end will be placed in the downward position when the rod is moved vertically (Rosenbaum et al. 1990). According to Rosenbaum, complex planning is a hierarchy in which each subsequent plan interacts with
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