Hierarchical multifunctional graphene oxide cancer nanotheranostics agent for synchronous switchable fluorescence imagin
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Hierarchical multifunctional graphene oxide cancer nanotheranostics agent for synchronous switchable fluorescence imaging and chemical therapy Yasaman Esmaeili 1,2 & Ali Zarrabi 1,3,4
&
Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare 2 & Elham Bidram 5
Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A nanotheranostics platform was synthesized based on PEGylated graphene oxide–gold nanoparticles and specified with aptamer toward the MUC-1-positive tumor cells. Subsequently, it was loaded with doxorubicin, used for non-invasive fluorescence imaging and therapy of breast and colon tumors. The success of the nano-coating at each synthesis step was characterized through FTIR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, EDAX, Zeta-potential, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Besides, the ability of the designed platform in targeted imaging, drug delivery, and in vitro therapy were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The selected aptamer acts as a quencher, resulting in an “on/off” fluorescence biosensor. When the aptamer specifically binds to the MUC-1 receptor, its double strands separate, leading to the drug release and the recovery of the fluorescence of (“On” state) at the excitation wavelength of 300 nm. Based on cell toxicity results, this platform has more toxicity toward the MUC-1-positive tumor cells (HT-29 and MCF-7) compared to MUC-1-negative cells (Hep-G2), representing its selective performance. Thus, this nano-platform can be introduced as a multifunctional cancer nanotheranostics system for tracing particular biomarkers, non-invasive imaging, and targeted chemotherapy.
Keywords Graphene oxide . Aptamer . Cancer nanotheranostics . Non-invasive imaging . Targeted therapy
Highlights • GO@PEG/Au/Apt/DOX as a new type of smart theranostic agent was fabricated. • This new nanosystem has an “on/off” fluorescence biosensing ability. • It also has selective performance against MUC-1-positive tumor cells. • It is a nanotheranostics system for tracing particular biomarkers, noninvasive imaging, and targeted chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04490-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ali Zarrabi [email protected] * Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
3
Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
4
Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
5
Biosensor Research Center (BRC), Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology, and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced T
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