High-performance lead free piezoelectric Y 2 O 3 -Ba(Ti 0.96 Sn 0.04 )O 3 nanofibers based flexible nanogenerator as ene
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High-performance lead free piezoelectric Y2O3-Ba(Ti0.96Sn0.04)O3 nanofibers based flexible nanogenerator as energy harvester and self-powered vibration sensor Kammari Suresh Chary1,2 , Durga Prasad Chadalapaka1,*, Chandrashekhar Sadashiv Kumbhar1, and Himanshu Sekhar Panda2,* 1 2
Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Thane 421506, India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
Received: 4 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 18 October 2020
Efficient, eco-friendly, flexible and high energy output piezoelectric nanogenerator is very much desirable for the development of multifunctional miniaturize devices and sensors. Aspect ratio * 102 and boosted energy harvesting attributes of lead-free piezoelectric Y2O3-Ba(Ti0.96Sn0.04)O3 nanofibers have considered for fabricating a flexible nanogenerator. The nanofibers have been synthesized using sol–gel and followed by electro-spinning process. The sintering temperature optimizes at 700 °C to obtain the best quality nanofibers having a diameter in the range from 67 to 132 nm. Rietveld refinement analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the substitution of yttrium 30% on titanium (B-site) and 10% on barium (A-site) sites of ABO3 structure. Efforts have made for the development of Y2O3-Ba(Ti0.96Sn0.04)O3 nanofibers based nanogenerator using a simple, cost-effective and scalable approach. The open-circuit voltage (peak-peak) * 25 V and the maximum power density * 6.5 mW/cm3 have obtained from the developed nanogenerator. Further, the performance of the Y2O3-Ba(Ti0.96Sn0.04)O3 nanofibers based nanogenerator is investigated as a frequency sensor by measuring output voltage as a function of frequency.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction In the last decade, sustainable micro/nano energy devices having flexibility, environmental compatibility and multifunctionality have created a center of
attention. Because of an easily available mechanical vibration energy from the environment, piezoelectric based nanogenerator (NG) has to turn out to be the development trend. The piezoelectric nanogenerator is used to generate power and seized materials in the form of nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes,
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04710-y
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
nanocubes, and nanofibers. When this piezoelectric nanostructure subjects to an external mechanical force or vibration, it generates an electric field. To date, nanostructures of zinc oxide (ZnO) [1–3], barium titanate (BaTiO3) [4, 5] lead zirconate titanate (PZT) [6–8], potassium sodium niobate (KNN) [9] and barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) have been used to fabricate NGs. Further, one dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanofibers are extensively used in the field of piezoelectric nanogenerator [9–16]. Recently, 1D nanostructures showed mor
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