High Pressure and High Temperature Induced Polymeric C60 Nanorods and Their Photoluminescence Properties
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High Pressure and High Temperature Induced Polymeric C60 Nanorods and Their Photoluminescence Properties Bingbing Liu1, Yuanyuan Hou1, Lin Wang1, Guangtian Zou1, Agnieszka Iwasiewicz2, and Bertil Sundqvist2 1 National Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China, People's Republic of 2 Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
ABSTRACT We report that C60 nanorods of three polymeric phases have been synthesized under high pressure and high temperature and that the photoluminescence properties of these polymeric nanorods also have been studied. C60 nanorods were fabricated by a facile solution evaporation method. Raman spectra indicate that this material transformed into orthorhombic, tetragonal and rhombohedral polymeric phases under various high pressure and high temperature conditions. SEM measurements show that the shape of the nanorods can be kept under quasi-hydrostatic pressure condition. The photoluminescence intensity of the polymeric C60 nanorods has been enhanced compared with that of the pristine C60 nanorods. The main fluorescence band shifted from 1.70 eV in the monomeric phase to near infrared in the polymeric phase when pressure and temperature were increased. The enhanced fluorescence with adjustable frequency for different polymeric C60 nanorods makes possible potential application in luminescent nanomaterials. INTRODUCTION The one-dimensional C60 nanostructures, such as wires, rods and tubes, has attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in nanoscale devices[1-3]. Several approaches have been used to obtain such one-dimensional C60 structures. Synthesis of highly crystalline C60 nanorods with various structures is a great interest in this field. Very recently, we have found a very simple and effective method, in which individual C60 nanorods with widths and thickness of the order of nanometers can be rapidly grown with m-xylene as a shape controller. The nanorods can easily grow on various substrates[1]. Because these nanorods can easily be produced with predictable sizes, we find it very interesting and important to investigate their structural and physical properties. Polymerization C60 has attracted much attention due to its unique structure and physical properties. It is well known that C60 fullerene could be polymerized through [2+2] cycloaddition of double bonds under pressure. High pressure and high temperature (HPHT) treatment is a most effective tool to obtain various new lattice structures in C60 [4-7]. Under HPHT conditions, dimmers (D), one-dimensional orthorhombic (O), and two-dimensional tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) phase have been prepared. Polymerization of C60 fullerene has attracted considerable attention due to the promising properties of the materials. So, it is very interesting to investigate the polymeric C60 nanorods.
Recently, optical studies of the polymeric phase have also revealed some differences between the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of pristine C60 and its polymeric forms[8-13
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