High-Risk IV Medications in Special Patient Populations
Critically ill patients are at risk for a higher frequency and severity of adverse drug events (ADEs), and special patient populations of the critically ill – requiring for instance individualized dosing due to non-average weight, hepatic or renal dysfunc
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Sandra L. Kane-Gill • Joseph Dasta (Editors)
High-Risk IV Medications in Special Patient Populations
Editors Sandra L. Kane-Gill, Pharm.D., M.Sc., FCCP, FCCM Associate Professor of Pharmacy and Therapeutics University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy Center for Pharmacoinformatics and Outcomes Research Pittsburgh, PA USA
Prof. Joseph Dasta, M.Sc., FCCM, FCCP The Ohio State University, Ohio USA
ISBN 978-0-85729-605-4 e-ISBN 978-0-85729-606-1 DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-606-1 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932318 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Sandy: I dedicate this book to my husband, Michael and my parents, Bob and Lucille. Their love and support is greatly appreciated. Joe: I dedicate this book to my loving and supportive wife Desma and our daughter Dana.
Preface
Critically ill patients are at risk for a higher frequency and severity of adverse drug events (ADEs) compared to non-critically ill patients. A contributing factor to this risk is the use of high-risk medications in the treatment of critically ill patients, often in combination. High-risk medications as defined by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices are drugs when used in error increases the risk for injury to the patient. The Joint Commission defines high-risk medications as “medications involved in a high percentage of medication errors or sentinel events and medications that carry a high risk for abuse, error, or other adverse outcomes”. According to the Institute for Safe Medication Practice’s list, many high-risk medications are those administered intravenously (IV), which is a more common route of administration in critically ill patients. Also, the therapeutic categories for high-risk medications are drugs more
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