Higher Order Contact of Submanifolds of Homogeneous Spaces

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610 Gary R. Jensen

Higher Order Contact of Submanifolds of Homogeneous Spaces

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1977

Author Gary R. Jensen Department of Mathematics Washington University St. Louis, Missouri 63130 USA

AMS Subject Classifications (1970): 53A05, 53A 15, 53A20, 53A40, 53A55 ISBN 3-540-08433-9 ISBN 0-387-08433-9

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer-Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher.

© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1977 Printed in Germany Printing and binding: Beltz Offsetdruck, Hemsbach/Bergstr. 2141/3140-543210

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction • . • . . I.

The general theory 1.

Contact

2.

The Grassmann bundle

5

3.

Adapted frames of a homogeneous space

6

III.

IV.

.

4.

Zeroth order frames of a submanifold

7

5.

Lie transformation groups

8

6.

First order frames

9

7.

Second order frames

12

8.

Third and higher order frames

17

9.

II.

v

Frenet frames

22

The role of the Maurer-Cartan form of

11.

Congruence and Existence Theorems

30

12.

Homogeneity Theorem

41

Surfaces in Real curves in

. . . . .

,2

under

Holomorphic curves in

Surfaces in lli 3

44

under IE(3)

V. Holomorphic curves in

VI.

G

23

10.

SO(4) under

CG 4,2

under

58

SU(3) SU(4)

under the special affine group

66

81 115

References

151

Index

152

INTRODUCTION

These notes contain an exposition of Elie Cartan's theory of higher order invariants of submanifolds of homogeneous spaces treated by the method of moving frames. amples.

The theory is then applied to five ex-

We were introduced to Cartan's magnificent book [C, 1937} , and

our view of the theory is strongly guided, by the paper of P. Griffiths [G, 1974].

It is Cart an 's stated aim in his book (which consists of the lecture notes taken by Jean Leray of a course given by Cartan at the Sorbonne in 1931­321) to develop the fundamental theorems of Lie groups together with the basic principles of the method of moving frames in differential geometry.

They are developed together because the latter

depends in such an essential way on the former.

For example, the clas-

sical equations of Darboux in the theory of surfaces in Euclidean space are just the structure equations of the group of Euclidean motions.

In

more general Klein­geometries, where the Euclidean motions are replaced by an arbitrary Lie group

G,

Darboux' s structure equations are re-

placed by the structure equations of by Maurer in 1888.

G,

which were first established

VI

The basic theory of Lie groups - the Maurer-Cartan forms and eQuations, the theorem