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Highly Active and Stable Fe/SiO2 Catalyst Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition for CO Oxidation Xiaofeng Wang1,4 · Baitang Jin1 · Xiaoqing He2 · Tommi A. White2,3 · Xinhua Liang1 Received: 5 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Highly dispersed Fe nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on S ­ iO2 NPs by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a scalable fluidized bed reactor at 400 ºC. In CO oxidation reactions, over the Fe/SiO2 catalyst, ­Fe2O3 played a vital role. In a long-term stability test of more than 300 h of CO oxidation reaction, there was almost no activity decrease of Fe/SiO2 at 550 ºC. Graphic Abstract

Keywords  Iron nanoparticles · Atomic layer deposition · CO oxidation · SiO2 · Stability Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s1056​2-020-03224​-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xinhua Liang [email protected] 1



Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA

2



Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA

3

Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA

4

Present Address: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, People’s Republic of China



1 Introduction Carbon monoxide (CO) is an extremely toxic gas. There are various sources of CO emission, e.g., transport, energy production, and chemical industry [1]. Among numerous methods of CO removal, catalytic oxidation is one of the most efficient approaches [2]. It is widely studied in the areas of energy source and environmental science, such as proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells and air purification devices [3, 4]. Many kinds of catalysts have been reported to remove CO, including noble metal catalysts (e.g., Au [5] and Pt [6]) and transition metal oxides (e.g., ­CeO2 [7] and ­Fe2O3 [8]). However, either the high cost of noble metals or their instability limits practical applications towards CO

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remediation [1, 9]. Iron (Fe), an earth-abundant metal, is a potential and promising catalyst for a CO oxidation reaction due to its unique properties. Iron oxide-based catalysts were widely investigated and most of studies adopted co-precipitation or impregnation methods to prepare the catalysts [1, 3, 10, 11]. ­CeO2 supported iron oxide catalysts showed good catalytic activity due to the superior surface oxygen release/storage capability of C ­ eO2 [7, 10, 11]. However, for Fe catalysts, though several theoretical investigations have demonstrated that Fe should be a suitable catalyst in CO oxidation [12–14], few experimental studies have been performed to date. Herein, we report a novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to prepare a low-cost and long-term stable Fe/SiO2 catalyst for a CO oxidation reaction. ALD is a surface-controlled process, based on self-lim