Historical account of the contributions of E. C. Bain
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PAXTON
AND
J. B. AUSTIN
T h i s p a p e r a t t e m p t s to s u m m a r i z e s o m e of E d g a r B a i n ' s i n s p i r e d c o n t r i b u t i o n s to m e t a l l u r g y d u r i n g a p e r i o d of about a d e c a d e - - s u r e l y one of the m o s t i n t e n s e l y c r e a t i v e e r a s in the h i s t o r y of the p r o f e s s i o n . It i s n e c e s s a r i l y s u b j e c t i v e and to s o m e extent i n c o m p l e t e , but it hopefully p r o v i d e s a d o c u m e n t a t i o n of c l e a r thinking about i m p o r t a n t p r a c t i c a l and t h e o r e t i c a l p r o b l e m s and of i n c i s i v e e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n to c o n f i r m c r i t i c a l h y p o t h e s e s .
ALTHOUGH
our a s s i g n m e n t was to w r i t e an a c c o u n t of B a i n ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n s to m e t a l l u r g y , r a t h e r than the s t o r y of h i s life, t h e r e a r e a few r e l e v a n t b i o g r a p h i c a l i t e m s which had a d i r e c t i n f l u e n c e on h i s s c i e n t i f i c work and which we hope would be helpful to the r e a d e r . E d g a r Bain s t a r t e d his c a r e e r a s a c h e m i s t a n d c h e m i c a l e n g i n e e r . A f t e r g r a d u a t i o n f r o m Ohio State U n i v e r s i t y with a d e g r e e in c h e m i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g , he e n t e r e d G o v e r n m e n t s e r v i c e a s a c h e m i s t , f i r s t with the U.S. Geological Survey and l a t e r with the U.S. B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s . He e v e n t u a l l y r e t u r n e d to Ohio State U n i v e r s i t y for g r a d u a t e study and to a s s i s t in c h e m i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g . Following a b r i e f p e r i o d of i n t e n s e study at Columbia U n i v e r s i t y u n d e r P r o f e s s o r W i l l i a m C a m p b e l l , he p u r s u e d his g r o w i n g i n t e r e s t in m e t a l l u r g y a s an i n s t r u c t o r in m e t a l l o g r a p h y and p y r o m e t r y at the U n i v e r s i t y of W i s c o n s i n . In the s u m m e r of 1917, he joined the r e s e a r c h staff of the B. F . Goodrich C o m pany, w h e r e he b e c a m e involved in the d e v e l o p m e n t of gas m a s k s . T h i s led to his being c o m m i s s i o n e d a F i r s t L i e u t e n a n t in the C h e m i c a l W a r f a r e S e r v i c e with h e a d q u a r t e r s at Nela P a r k . A f t e r the w a r ended, at the age of 27, he r e s u m e d his m e t a l l u r g i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a s a m e m b e r of the d e v e l o p m e n t g r o u p of the Cleveland W i r e D i v i s i o n of the N a tional L a m p W o r k s of G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c Company. It w a s h e r e that he got to know Zay J e f f r i e s , who s e r v e d a s c o n s u l t a n t to the D i v i s i o n , and it was a l s o h e r e that he a c q u i r e d h i s i n t e r e s t in the budding field of X - r a y d i f f r a c t i o n and c r y s t a l a n a l y s i s of m e t a l s , an i n t e r e s t n u r t u r e d in p a r t by the p i o n e e r work in
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