HIV
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Glossary
Highly Cost-Effective Intervention
HIV ▶ Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Definition The WHO’s Commission on Macroeconomics and Health proposed a simple rule-of-thumb to determine if the health intervention is costeffective or not. If the cost-effectiveness ratio per DALY is less than the GNI (or GDP) per capita of the country or the region, the intervention is considered highly cost-effective. If the ratio is between 1 and 3 times the GNI or GDP per capita, the intervention is considered cost-effective but if the ratio is more than three times of GNI and GDP per capita, it is considered not cost-effective.
HIPAA Definition Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1996. Title I protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. Title II, the Administrative Simplification (AS) provisions, requires the establishment of national standards for electronic health care transactions and national identifiers for providers, health insurance plans, and employers. The AS provisions also address the security and privacy of health data. The standards are meant to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the nation’s health care system by encouraging the widespread use of electronic data interchange in the US health care system.
HIV Prevalence Definition Estimation of HIV infected persons in the population.
HMV ▶ Home Mechanical Ventilation
Hoehn and Yahr Scale Definition It was designed as a simple descriptive staging scale that provides a general estimate of clinical function in Parkinson’s disease, combining functional deficits (disability) and objective signs (impairment). In its original version, it encompassed a five-point scale (1–5), however, 0.5 increments were introduced later for use in clinical trials. Stage I: Unilateral involvement only, usually with minimal or no functional disability. Stage II: Bilateral or midline involvement without impairment of balance. Stage III: Bilateral disease: mild to moderate disability with impaired postural reflexes; physically independent. Stage IV: Severely disabling disease; still able to walk or stand unassisted. Stage V: Confinement to bed or wheelchair unless aided.
Hirsutism Definition Excessive hair growth, with a male pattern of hair distribution in females due usually to abnormally high levels of androgen secretion.
Holistic Health Holistic Health represents an approach to how health care should be administered. In
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