Holographic boiling and generalized thermodynamic description beyond local equilibrium
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Springer
Received: April 25, 2020 Accepted: August 4, 2020 Published: September 8, 2020
Holographic boiling and generalized thermodynamic description beyond local equilibrium
a
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China b School of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China c Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. d Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Tuning a very simple two-component holographic superfluid model, we can have a first order phase transition between two superfluid phases in the probe limit. Inspired by the potential landscape discussion, an intuitive physical picture for systems with first order phase transitions is provided. We stress that holography perfectly offers a generalized thermodynamic description of certain strongly coupled systems even out of local equilibrium, which enables us to carefully study domain wall structures of the system under first order phase transitions, either static or in real time dynamics. We numerically construct the 1D domain wall configuration and compute the surface tension of the domain wall from its generalized grand potential. We also numerically simulate the real time dynamics of a 2D bubble nucleation process (holographic boiling). The surface tension of the 1D domain wall nicely matches the final state of the 2D bubble nucleation process when the bubble radius is large enough. Keywords: Gauge-gravity correspondence, Holography and condensed matter physics (AdS/CMT) ArXiv ePrint: 2003.12987 1
Corresponding author.
c The Authors. Open Access, Article funded by SCOAP3 .
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2020)063
JHEP09(2020)063
Xin Li,a,b Zhang-Yu Nieb,1 and Yu Tiana,c,d,1
Contents 1 Introduction
1 3 4 6 7 10 10
3 Mixture configuration and domain wall in 1D 3.1 The domain wall from a generalized thermodynamic point of view 3.2 Numerical evolution of the mixture configuration and domain wall in 1D
17 17 19
4 Bubble nucleation and stabilization in 2D 21 4.1 Static 2D bubble configuration from thermodynamic and mechanical balance 22 4.2 Numerical evolution of bubble nucleation and stabilization 23 5 Conclusion and discussion
27
A Quasi-normal modes
29
B Equations of state
32
C Note on time evolutions
32
D Concrete form of grand potential
33
1
Introduction
The gauge/gravity duality [1–3] provides a useful tool to investigate the strongly coupled field theory. Since the success of holographic modeling of superconductor phase transition [4, 5], this duality has been applied to various condensed matter systems [6]. Besides realization of static solutions, it is proved to be even more powerful in simulating nonequilibrium processes (see, e.g. [7–15] as an incomplete list and [16] for a review). First order phase transitions are not only quite common in our daily life, but ar
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