Homeless in Spain: An Analysis Based on Multidimensional Indicators of Deprivation
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Homeless in Spain: An Analysis Based on Multidimensional Indicators of Deprivation Adrián Cabrera1 · Carmelo García‑Pérez1 Accepted: 20 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This paper analyses the situation of the homeless in Spain before and during the Great Recession, using a multidimensional approach based on the construction of a new indicator of their deprivations, inspired by a counting approach mainly developed for poverty analysis. This indicator considers dimensions related to health and social contacts, in addition to purely economic ones. Using data from 2005 and 2012, the static analysis is complemented with a study of the changes experienced by the homeless before and during the Great Recession and how some sociodemographic aspects are related to their probability of being a worse situation of multidimensional deprivation. Results show that the levels of deprivation in the homeless population declined after the Great Recession. Keywords Homeless · Deprivation · Multidimensional indicators
1 Introduction In the past decades, several works have focused attention on the group of homeless, trying to analyse the complicated situation they have to face. The first studies, conducted within the frameworks of psychology and sociology, provided an initial foundation on which economic investigations could be based. Among these studies, it is common to find analyses of their subjective happiness (Biswas-Diener and Diener 2006), the situations of exclusion they encounter (Fitzpatrick et al. 2011; Dwyer et al. 2015), or just simple descriptive approaches that try to focus on their precarious situations (Brousse et al. 2004; Chamberlain and MacKenzie 2008). But these approaches fall short in providing a complete perspective of their situation. Considering this, a deeper analysis is proposed, where the wellbeing of the group is quantified in order to obtained an accurate vision of their situation beyond superficial sociodemographic analysis, and in order to overcome that research gap that we found. This paper studied the situation of the homeless in Spain using a new approach to evaluating the nature and degree of their various deprivations. With this aim, we propose a * Adrián Cabrera [email protected] 1
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Empresariales y Turismo, Universidad de Alcalá, Plaza de la Victoria, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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multidimensional indicator, to be applied for the first time in this field of study. This methodological approach can help inform theories of homelessness, by allowing us to answer a range of questions simultaneously regarding on how the homeless access the labour market, their income level, their health status and the nature of their social relationships, among others. Prior studies focus on simple indicators, where individual and unrelated conclusions are obtained; adding all of these into a single indicator instead of considering them individually will be a more successful way of evaluating their real s
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