Homogeneity analysis of Y-bearing 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by vacuum induction melting and casting
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Homogeneity analysis of Y‑bearing 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel fabricated by vacuum induction melting and casting Wei‑wei Guo1 · Xiao‑xin Zhang1,2,3 · Ying‑xue Chen1 · Zhi‑yuan Hong1 · Qing‑zhi Yan1 Received: 14 June 2019 / Revised: 21 September 2019 / Accepted: 9 October 2019 © China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group 2020
Abstract Advanced oxide metallurgy technique was adopted to produce 100-kg Y-bearing 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel via vacuum induction melting and casting route. Subsequently, nine specimens at top, middle and bottom regions of the sheet were characterized to evaluate the homogeneity of chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. The small vibration of hardness (200–220 HBW), ultimate tensile strength (672–678 MPa), yield strength (468–480 MPa), total elongation (26.2%–30.5%) and Charpy energy at room temperature (98–133 J) and at − 40 °C (12–40 J) demonstrated that mechanical properties’ homogeneity of Y-bearing steel was acceptable although slight Y segregation and inhomogeneous microstructure occurred at the bottom. Furthermore, the effect of Y content on microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties was explained and the comparison of failure mechanism for the dual-phase steel between tensile test (i.e., quasi-static loading) and Charpy test (i.e., dynamic loading) was discussed in detail. Keywords Y-bearing ferritic/martensitic steel · Casting · Homogeneity · Chemical composition · Microstructure characteristics · Mechanical property
1 Introduction Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels are well-known promising candidate materials for coolant and tritium breeding options in future fusion reactors as well as fuel cladding tubes in fission reactors due to the low thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity, low stress corrosion cracking sensitivity, especially the excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and irradiation resistance induced by fine oxide particles * Xiao‑xin Zhang [email protected] * Qing‑zhi Yan [email protected] 1
Institute of Nuclear Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2
Advanced Energy Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
3
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
such as yttrium oxides [1–3]. The fabrication methods for ODS F/M steels are mainly divided into two routes including powder metallurgy (PM) route and casting route by Verhiest et al. [4] and four routes including standard PM route, modified PM route to avoid mechanical alloying, liquid metal (LM) route and hybrid routes based on elements from both PM and LM routes by Bergner et al. [5]. Among them, LM route, i.e., casting route, is suggested to be a promising method to produce the low-cost ODS steel with la
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