Horticultural Development in Convergence with MGNREGS in Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh
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Horticultural Development in Convergence with MGNREGS in Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh Brajaraja Mishra1
© Indian Society of Labour Economics 2020
Abstract This paper assesses the impact of coffee plantation undertaken in tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh in convergence with MGNREGS. It explains various aspects of plantation and maintenance activities undertaken through MGNREGS. It makes a comparative assessment between the PVTG and non-PVTG households with regard to provision of labour through MGNREGS, financial benefits in the presence and absence of convergence, income levels and changes in non-monetary benefits due to the extended benefits of coffee plantation. The study also highlighted some challenges in the implementation process that need to be addressed to reach more and needy people. Keywords Tribal · MGNREGS · Convergence · Coffee plantation · Maintenance activities · Financial analysis · Income · Non-monetary benefit · Andhra Pradesh
1 Introduction Implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is a landmark initiative for maintaining employment security and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities for rural mass in India (Jha and Gaiha 2012; Prasad 2012; Khera and Nayak 2009; Azam 2012). The Scheme also led to greater financial inclusion, reduced distress migration and improved social capital (Bhowmik and Bose 2015; Jatav and Sen 2013). But in some places, the programme was criticised as employment/assets created were failed to generate sustainable livelihoods for the rural poor and failed to address social exclusion (Drèze and Khera 2009; ILO 2014; Dutta et al. 2014). As a remedial measure, Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) had initiated various developmental programmes in convergence with MGNREGS for asset creation and promotion of sustainable livelihoods * Brajaraja Mishra [email protected] 1
Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Nizamiah Observatory Campus, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500016, India
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for a wider population. Its main aims were to target actual beneficiaries, optimum utilisation of scarce financial and physical public resources, reduce time and cost slippages in programme implementation and improve transparency in decision-making (Hanumankar 2019; Nayak et al. 2011). It can create assets, conserve natural resources, mitigate adverse effects of climate change, and reduce distress and poverty in rural areas (Mishra 2018; Mishra and Mishra 2018). Some empirical studies found significant improvement in rural livelihoods, maintained sustainable natural resource management, reduced poverty, indebtedness and distress migration, created social empowerment and strengthened village level governance structure (Shah et al. 2018; Desai et al. 2015; Development Alternatives, n.d.). However, the convergence model was not proved successful in some Indian states. Various activities were not properly executed due to high information gap, improper plan of action and misutil
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