Host-adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China
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Parasites & Vectors Open Access
RESEARCH
Host‑adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China Fuchang Yu1,2, Yangwenna Cao1, Haiyan Wang3, Qiang Liu1, Aiyun Zhao1, Meng Qi1,2* and Longxian Zhang2*
Abstract Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. The coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. bieneusi infections have been reported and the distribution of genotypes and zoonotic potential remains unknown. Methods: A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection rate and the distribution of genotypes of E. bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Results: Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including three known genotypes (CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7)) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). Conclusions: The rare genotype CHN4 was the most common genotype in the present study, and the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. bieneusi in coypus may be a potential infection source to humans. Keywords: Microsporidia, Rodent, Species specificity, Transmission, Zoonotic Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular pathogen, which has been detected in a broad range of hosts, including humans, livestock, companion animals, birds and wildlife [1, 2]. Hosts can be infected by ingesting infective spores through food-borne and water-borne routes or direct contact with infected humans or animals [3]. To date, over 500 genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified in the world by molecular genotyping based on *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 College of Animal Science, Tarim University, No. 1188 Junken Avenue, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China 2 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene [1, 4]. These genotypes were divided into 11 distinct groups (groups 1 to 11) in a phylogenetic analysis [5]. The majority of the zoonotic genotypes are clustered in Group 1 [5]. Meanwhile, more and more reports show that some genotypes (I, J, BEB4 and BEB6) in Group 2 can also infect humans, indicating a low host specificity and zoonotic inherence of this group [1, 6, 7]. Other groups mostly contain host-adapted genotypes [6]. Previous studies indicated that at least 63 E. bieneusi genotypes have been identified in more than
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