Households disaster memory recollection after the 2013 Colorado flood
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Households disaster memory recollection after the 2013 Colorado flood Hao‑Che Wu1 Received: 22 January 2019 / Accepted: 18 April 2020 / Published online: 30 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract There is some evidence supporting that surveys conducted 12–18 months after a disaster can provide accurate assessments of people’s disaster responses during disasters. Studies suggest that people have good memories of events that are personally relevant to them and that there appear to be reasonable justifications for taking post-event survey data at face value. Nonetheless, according to the Protective Action Decision Model, people’s disaster response activities include behavioral and emotional responses. Since these two types of responses are different in nature, it is unclear whether people have good memory recollection of both types of responses. Thus, it is important to obtain additional evidence to test survey respondents’ memory recollection over time. To do this, this study collected the 2013 Colorado flood household response data 7 months and 14 months after the event. Box’s homogeneity test is used to test the equivalence of covariance matrices. The results indicate that survey respondents’ behavioral responses follow similar patterns between two survey samples, but the emotional responses do not. This finding suggests that survey studies are able to acquire accurate disaster behavioral response data 14 months after a disaster; however, emotional response is considered ephemeral data. Keywords Survey study · Memory recollection · Disaster response
1 Introduction The issue of people’s memory recollection after a significant event has been studied in psychology discipline for many years. Brown and Kulik (1977) first introduced the concept of Flashbulb Memories. They administered a questionnaire survey with 80 subjects. This study tried to investigate whether or not the subjects remembered where they were and what they were doing when they first heard significant political events such as John Kennedy and Martin Luther King assassinations. They explained, in their article, the levels of surprise and consequentiality can trigger the formation of Flashbulb Memories (Brown and Kulik 1977). This finding is somewhat paralleled with the neuro-physiological theory called Now Print theory (Livingston 1967a, b). Instead of focusing on human behavioral * Hao‑Che Wu [email protected] 1
University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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explanations, Livingston (1967a, b) provides a neurology explanation of how the human brain recognizes the significance of the events through emotional arousal and prints the memory. Survey methodology has been recognized as one of the most common methods to collect human behavioral or emotional response data during or immediately after disasters in disaster literature (e.g., Huang et al. 2012; Lindell et al. 2005; Wu et al. 2012). When a researcher wishes to collect data from the general public, a survey is the most com
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