How common is obstructive sleep apnea in young hypertensive patients?
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How common is obstructive sleep apnea in young hypertensive patients? Jittirat Jinchai1,2 · Sittichai Khamsai1 · Paiboon Chattakul1 · Panita Limpawattana1 · Jarin Chindaprasirt1 · Verajit Chotmongkol1 · Songkwan Silaruks1 · Vichai Senthong1 · Kittisak Sawanyawisuth1,2 Received: 21 September 2019 / Accepted: 30 December 2019 © Società Italiana di Medicina Interna (SIMI) 2020
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported to be a cause of hypertension in 40–80% of hypertensive patients. However, there are limited data available on the prevalence and predictors of OSA in young hypertensive patients. This study was conducted between October 2017 and October 2018. The inclusion criteria were (1) age over 18 and under 35 years (2) diagnosis with hypertension and (3) available respiratory polysomnography results. Patients with other causes of secondary hypertension were excluded. Predictors for OSA were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. There were 593 consecutive young patients who were diagnosed with hypertension during the study period. Of those, 475 (80.10%) were excluded due to their hypertension having renal causes (429; 90.32%), endocrine-related causes (40; 8.42%), or cardiovascular causes (6; 1.26%). Of the remaining patients (118 patients) who were eligible for the study, 105 (88.98%) of whom were diagnosed with OSA. The median age of the patients with OSA did not differ from those without OSA (29 vs 23 years; p value 0.065). There were two independent predictors for OSA: age and body mass index with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.280 (1.049, 1.562) and 1.258 (1.083, 1.462), respectively. In conclusion, after excluding other possible causes of hypertension, we found OSA to be highly prevalent in hypertensive patients younger than 35 years old. Increasing age and high body mass index were predictors for OSA in young hypertensive patients. Keywords Prevalence · Predictors · Age · Body mass index · Obesity · Tiredness
Introduction Hypertension (HT) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide [1]. The 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found that the prevalence of hypertension was 6.8% among US adults aged 18–39 years, 30.4% for those aged 40–59 years, and 66.7% for those aged ≥ 60 years [2]. According to the new HT criteria by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the prevalence of HT in those age under 44 years was 34.54% [3]. Hypertension in the young is defined by the JNC 8 as the occurrence of hypertension in persons of 35 years of age or younger [4]. * Kittisak Sawanyawisuth [email protected] 1
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Sleep Apnea Research Group, and Research Center in Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
2
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease that is characterized by recurrent cessation of respiratory airflow caused by upper airway inspiratory collapse during slee
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