How to Improve the Effectiveness of Blended Learning of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy? A Case Study in Pharmacy Progr
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How to Improve the Effectiveness of Blended Learning of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy? A Case Study in Pharmacy Program Chooi Yeng Lee1
© Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The blended learning material of gastrointestinal (GI) pharmacotherapy was noted by students as needed improvement. As pharmacology is the core component of pharmacotherapy, it was hypothesised that improved students engagement with online learning of GI pharmacology will engage and motivate students in the learning of GI pharmacotherapy. Constructivist learning, guided by a student-centred approach, was used to design an online GI pharmacology-predominant module containing some pharmacotherapy learning activities. Students’ perception of the usefulness of the module was evaluated by survey, which consisted of 7 multiple-choice items in Likert-scale format and 4 open-ended questions. Twenty seven students participated in the study, recorded a 36% response rate. Majority of the students were satisfied with the module indicating it has improved learning effectiveness, learning efficiency, and self-efficacy. Students were engaged and motivated to learn from the module as evidenced from their active participation in the learning activities presented, including the discussion forums of pharmacotherapy case studies. This study demonstrated a creative approach of using students’ feedback in guiding the implementation of a constructivist framework in the design of an online pharmacology module for pharmacy students. The range of interactive learning activities detailed the various strategies of constructivism, something that was not explicitly described in the literature. The findings uphold the hypotheses of the study, and provided evidence that improved effectiveness of blended learning of pharmacology contributed to improved learning experience of pharmacotherapy. Keywords Blended learning · Constructivist learning theory · Online learning · Pharmacology · Pharmacotherapy · Student-centred
* Chooi Yeng Lee [email protected] 1
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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C. Y. Lee
1 Introduction Pharmacotherapy is a key subject area in the health professional courses. It basically refers to treatment of a disease or disorder using drugs. The rationale of the use of specific drugs in a treatment is built upon good understanding of the cause of a disease, the patient’s health condition, and the pharmacology of the drugs. A well-designed teaching and learning of this multidisciplinary subject should therefore be efficient and focused-efficient so that effective teaching and learning can occur within a given timeframe, and is focused on key information so that the main learning objectives are achieved. These are indeed also the criteria indicated by students in their feedback on the blended learning material of gastrointestinal (GI) pharmacotherapy of a unit in the pharmacy program, where suggestions for unit improvements were mainly around the quality of
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