How to Measure Pain
- PDF / 289,209 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 48 Downloads / 220 Views
PALLIATIVE MEDICINE (A JATOI, SECTION EDITOR)
How to Measure Pain Michael Tang 1 & Kimberson Tanco 1 Accepted: 5 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Pain is a multi-faceted symptom. Effective pain assessment involves properly defining the pain syndrome, utilizing various assessment tools, and recognizing different conditions which may affect the expression and the management of pain. Recent Findings Pain results from multiple physical and psychosocial etiological interplay. It has traditionally been categorized as acute or chronic with chronic pain having been categorized further into 6 categories in ICD 11. At the same time, the opioid epidemic and the recent surge in cannabis popularity further complicates pain assessment and effective pain management. Summary Adequate management of pain begins with proper assessment including conducting extensive medical and psychosocial history and physical examination, and utilizing various pain and substance risk assessment tools. An interdisciplinary team approach may be more effective in managing complex pain behaviors compared to a solo approach. Keywords Pain measurement . Pain assessment . Assessment instruments . Opioid risk . Assessment tools . Assessment scales . Total pain . Cancer pain . Pain . Pain syndrome . Substance abuse . Chemical coping . Pseudoaddiction . Tolerance . Physical dependence . Addiction . Personalized pain goal . Minimal clinical important difference
Introduction The human pain experience is often a complex multi-faceted symptom that is frequently reported in patients with cancer with a prevalence of 30–50% in those receiving cancerdirected treatments and more than 70% in patients with advanced disease. Opioids are the gold standard for treatment of moderate to severe cancer-related pain. Along with other adjuvant therapy, adequate pain relief from various cancer pain syndromes is often seen. Successful control of pain requires a comprehensive pain assessment which in turn involves assessment not only of the appropriate pain syndrome but also evaluation of patient Michael Tang and Kimberson Tanco contributed equally to this work. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Palliative Medicine * Michael Tang [email protected] Kimberson Tanco [email protected] 1
Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1414, Houston, TX 77030, USA
factors that affect pain reporting and pain expression. The concept of total pain is critical to this discussion along with the use of various tools that not only measure pain but also measure cognition, risk for inappropriate opioid use, as well as psychological and social factors. We will describe each in subsequent sections.
Defining the Pain Syndrome In order to best explore the multi-faceted aspects of pain, defining pain and its characteristics are important. As defined by the International Association for the Study of pai
Data Loading...
