Human Missions to Mars Enabling Technologies for Exploring the Red P
In “Human Missions to Mars” Donald Rapp looks at human missions to Mars from an engineering perspective. He begins by describing the pros and cons of robotic exploration versus human exploration and then examines the ideas for sending humans to Mars from
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Enabling Technologies for Exploring the Red Planet
Donald Rapp
Human Missions to Mars Enabling Technologies for Exploring the Red Planet
Published in association with
Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK
Dr Donald Rapp Independent Contractor South Pasadena California USA
SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason, M.Sc., B.Sc., Ph.D.
ISBN 978-3-540-72938-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2007932001 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2008 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services Ltd, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xv
List of ®gures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xvii
List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxiii
List of abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii 1
Why 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
explore Mars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robotic explorationÐthe Establishment's view . . . . . . The curmudgeon's view on the search for life on Mars Why send humans to Mars?Ðthe enthusiast's view . . . Sending humans to MarsÐthe skeptic's view . . . . . . .
2
Planning space campaigns and missions. . . . . . 2.1 Campaigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Planning space missions . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 A mission as a sequence of steps . . . . . 2.5 What's at the destination? . . . . . . . . . 2.6 What's in low Earth orbit . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 What's on the launch pad? . . . . . . . . . 2.8 IMLEO requirements for space missions
3
Getting there and back . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Propulsion systems . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Propellant requirements 3.1.2 The rocket equation . . 3.1.3 Dry mass of rockets . .
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