Humic acid effects on retrotransposon polymorphisms caused by zinc and iron in the maize ( Zea mays L.) genome
- PDF / 672,604 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 51 Downloads / 165 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Humic acid effects on retrotransposon polymorphisms caused by zinc and iron in the maize (Zea mays L.) genome Esma Yigider1 · Mahmut Sinan Taspinar1 · Murat Aydin1 · Guleray Agar2 Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are important pathways to examine various genome reorganizations based on environmental factors. The maize genome is one of the best representative examples. The aim of this study was to examine humic acid (HA) protective effects on genomic template stability (GTS) and LTR retrotransposon polymorphisms in corn seeds subjected to zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) stress. In this study, maize seedlings were exposed to three doses (20, 40, and 60 mM) of Z nSO4·7H2O and F eSO4 and their combinations at 1500 ppm (0.075 g) HA. Inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism techniques were used for genetic analyses. Results indicated that in all doses used, Zn and Fe increased retrotransposon polymorphisms and decreased the percentage of GTS via DNA damage. However, treatment of HA together with Zn and Fe resulted in decreased DNA damage and retrotransposon polymorphisms and increased GTS. These observations suggest that HA can be applied to reduce toxic effects in agricultural areas polluted with heavy metals. Keywords Genomic template stability · Iron · Retrotransposon polymorphism · Zinc · Humic acid
Introduction Abiotic stress factors can cause >50% yield loss in plants and are the primary cause of agricultural product loss in the world (Bray et al. 2000; Wang et al. 2003). Recently, industrial wastes, agricultural pesticides, and increase in mines have led to release of heavy metals into the environment. These metals are a significant environmental issue for living organisms (Waisberg et al. 2003). Plants are remarkably susceptible to heavy metal pollution due to their immobile lifestyle. Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient required for the growth and development of plants. Zn is a component of proteins (Hu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00111-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mahmut Sinan Taspinar [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
2
and Wenjiao 2015) and various enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, RNA polymerase, carbonic anhydrase, and alcohol dehydrogenase (Nagajyoti et al. 2010). Furthermore, Zn also plays an important role in the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Zn is also important for the action of many transcription factors and acts as a cofactor for DNA or RNA polymerases (Nagajyoti et al. 2010; Sharif et al. 2012; Erturk et al. 2015). Iron (Fe) is a micronutrient that pla
Data Loading...
