Hybrid Electroactive Biomaterial Synthesized

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decreased by as much as 98%, compared with control surfaces, and the modified Ti surfaces exhibited low cell adhesion for up to two weeks in culture. Unlike Au, the bulk Ti substrate used in the experiment had a native oxide surface, and the interactions between the DOPAcontaining PEG and Ti substrate are still under investigation. The researchers said that many established and emerging technological systems in both medical and nonmedical applications rely on surface interactions. For example, the success of many cardiovascular implants hinges in part on the nature of the interaction of the implant with blood; implant surfaces that readily become fouled may increase the probability of implant failure and result in a

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life-threatening condition. Similarly, in the burgeoning field of biochips and biosensors, strict control of the fluid/ solid interface is relied upon for accurate device function. Additionally, due to the potential for DOPA-containing peptides to bind to a variety of surfaces, the nonfouling strategy described here may find use in anti-icing coatings in aerospace and may have the ability to inhibit the attachment to maritime vessels of the very mussels that inspired the strategy. YUE HU

Hybrid Electroactive Biomaterial Synthesized The functionalization of electrodes with redox enzymes to create electroactive biomaterials for sensor applications is an

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