Hydrocracking diversity in n -dodecane isomerization on Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts and their catalytic performanc
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Hydrocracking diversity in n‑dodecane isomerization on Pt/ ZSM‑22 and Pt/ZSM‑23 catalysts and their catalytic performance for hydrodewaxing of lube base oil Shan‑Bin Gao1,2 · Zhen Zhao1 · Xue‑Feng Lu2 · Ke‑Bin Chi2 · Ai‑Jun Duan1 · Yan‑Feng Liu2 · Xiang‑Bin Meng2 · Ming‑Wei Tan2 · Hong‑Yue Yu2 · Yu‑Ge Shen2 · Meng‑Chen Li2 Received: 21 April 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil. The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C–C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain, while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane. As a result, more than 2% of light products (gas plus naphtha) and 3% more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock. Keywords Isomerization · Hydrocracking · Catalysts · Pt/ZSM-22 · Pt/ZSM-23 · Dodecane · Lube base oil
1 Introduction Hydroisomerization of long-chain hydrocarbons (normalparaffins) to branched isomers (isoparaffins) plays an essential role in many processes in the petroleum refining industry (Gerasimov et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2009). Hydroisomerization of C4−C7 hydrocarbons could produce gasoline with a high octane number (Liu et al. 2011; Buluchevskii et al. 2018), while isomerization of C 7–C15 paraffins could be applied to manufacture diesel fuel with high cetane numbers and improved cold flow properties (Rüfer and Reschetilowski 2012; Blomsma et al. 1997). Furthermore, the isomerization of n-paraffins heavier than C 15 can be employed to obtain lube oils with a high viscosity index to ensure volatility and cold flow properties for automotive engine lubricants (Park and Ihm 2000; Zhang et al. 2001). It is well known that the selectivity of paraffin isomerization depends primarily on Edited by Xiu-Qiu Peng * Zhen Zhao [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100195, China
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the balance between the acid and metal catalyst functions (Galperin 2001). Coonradt and Garwood (1964) presented the classical bifunctional hydro-conversion mechanism of alkanes on bifunctional acid-metal catalysts. Tian et al. (2009) developed a new di-tetrahedron matrix on isomerization reaction of long n-alkanes based on the traditional bi-functional matrix. Generally, shape-selectivity, acidity, and metal function should be combined synergestically to predict the selectivity and activity of catalysts in the dewaxing reaction of lubricant base oil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop ideal bifunctional catalysts with high selectivity for hydroisomerization of long-chain hydrocarbons to the aimed products. In particular, the shape se
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