Hydrodynamic Perception Using an Artificial Lateral Line Device with an Optimized Constriction Canal
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Journal of Bionic Engineering http://www.springer.com/journal/42235
Hydrodynamic Perception Using an Artificial Lateral Line Device with an Optimized Constriction Canal Zhiqiang Ma1, Yonggang Jiang1*, Zihao Dong1, Zhiwu Han2, Deyuan Zhang1,3 1. Institute of Bionic and Micro-Nano Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China 2. Key Laboratory for Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China 3. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Abstract To perform flow-related behaviors in darkness, blind cavefish have evolved Lateral Line Systems (LLSs) with constriction canals to enhance hydrodynamic sensing capabilities. Mimicking the design principles, we developed a Canal-type Artificial Lateral Line (CALL) device featuring a biomimetic constriction canal. The hydrodynamic characterization results revealed that the sensitivity of the canal LLS increases with the decrease in the width (from 1 mm to 0.6 mm) and length (from 3 mm to 1 mm) of the constriction canal, which is in accordance with the modeling results of canal mechanics. The CALL device was characterized in Kármán vortex streets generated by a cylinder in a laminar flow. The CALL device was able to identify the diameter of the cylinder, with a mean identification error of approximately 2.5%. It also demonstrated the identification ability of wake width using the CALL device, indicating the potential for application in hydrodynamic perception. Keywords: lateral line, constriction canal, biomimetics, flow sensor, hydrodynamic perception Copyright © Jilin University 2020.
1 Introduction Fish can perceive minute movements in the water with the assistance of a mechanosensory Lateral Line System (LLS) (Fig. 1a), which enables them to perform a series of actions, such as schooling[1,2], prey detection[3,4], and rheotaxis[5,6], communication [7,8], etc. The LLS consists of hundreds of functional units called neuromasts (Fig. 1b), which are classified into two categories, Superficial Neuromasts (SNs) and Canal Neuromasts (CNs). SNs are freestanding on the surface of the skin (Fig. 1c), which directly interact with external fluids and are sensitive to flow velocities. In contrast, CNs are located in the subepidermal fluid-filled lateral line canals that are connected to the ambient environment through canal pores, and thus are sensitive to the pressure gradients between two adjacent canal pores[9,10]. As a high-pass filter, the lateral line canal is able to filter various sources of noise and to enhance the signal to noise ratio, which is resulted from the viscous resistance to canal fluid motion at low frequencies[11,12]. A swimming fish generates vortices behind it, *Corresponding author: Yonggang Jiang E-mail: [email protected]
which contain its signatures, for instance, its body size and location[13,14]. From some distance away, fish can rely on their LLSs to track a target by detecting its hydrodynamic trail[
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