Hydrogen in Intermetallic Compunds II Surface and Dynamic Properties

The topic of hydrogen in an on metals and alloys is important in a number ofdisciplines including solid-state physics, materials science, physical chemistry, and energy technology. This volume treats the dynamics of hydrogen in intermetallic compounds, su

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Hydrogen in Intermetallic Compounds II Surface and Dynamic Properties, Applications Edited by L. Schlapbach With Contributions by R. C. Bowman, Jr. N. G6rard R. Hempelmann I. Jacob M.H. Mintz S. Ono D. C. Richter G. D. Sandrock L. Schlapbach D. Shaltiel S. Suda A.Weidinger

With 126 Figures and 25 Tables

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest

Prof. Dr. Louis Schlapbach Institut de Physique, Universit6 de Fribourg, P6rolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland

ISBN 3-540-54668-5 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork ISBN 0-387-54668-5 Springer-Verlag NewYork Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any otherway, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965,in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992 Printed in the United States of America The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc.in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Thomson Press, New Delhi, India 54/3029-5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

Interdisciplinary research topics are inevitably associated with both opportunities and risks. These stem, for example, from the different ways of investigating problems and the different expressions used to describe the same phenomenon by scientists from different fields. "Hydrogen in and on Metals" is one such topic. It attracts metallurgists, solid state scientists from both physics and chemistry, mechanical and chemical engineers and energy technology specialists. Phenomena related to the topic "Hydrogen in Metals" and the physics behind them as they were understood at the end of the 1970s are reviewed in the books Hydrogen in Metals, Vol. | and II, edited by G. Alefeld and J. V61kl (Vols. 28 and 29 of Topics in Applied Physics). These books, which deal mainly with hydrogen in elemental metals, are still very valuable and will continue to be important in the coming years. Since their publication, many new results have been obtained, and have considerably improved both our knowledge and understanding. Much recent work has been stimulated by the extraordinary properties of hydrogen-storing intermetailic compounds and by the constant threat of an energy crisis. The recent progress, which has involved intermetallic compounds and alloys rather than elemental metals, has been reviewed in many good articles, either at a technical, purely scientific level, or at a more popu