Hydrogenation of CO 2 on the polymetallic catalysts prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
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Hydrogenation of CO2 on the polymetallic catalysts prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis* V. N. Borshch,a E. V. Pugacheva,a S. Ya. Zhuk,a E. M. Smirnova,b N. R. Demikhova,b and V. A. Vinokurovb aA.
G. Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 ul. Akad. Osipyana, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation. Fax: +7 (496) 524 6222. E-mail: [email protected] bI. M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Building 1, 65 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. Fax: +7 (499) 507 8877 A new class of multifunctional polymetallic catalysts was developed, the precursors of which are complex multicomponent intermetallic compounds prepared by self-propagating hightemperature synthesis. The catalysts based on Co and Ni exhibit high activity in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methane. The maximum yield of methane is observed at 250—350 °C with an almost complete conversion of CO2 and 100% selectivity. Hydrocarbons С1—С4, including unsaturated hydrocarbons (propylene and butadiene), were synthesized on the Co—Fe—La catalyst under a pressure to 2 MPa at 250—350 °С and the ratio CO2 : H2 = 1 : 1. The new class of catalysts is promising for the development of direct CO2 hydrogenation to heavy (liquid) alkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Key words: hydrogenation of CO2, hydrocarbons, polymetallic catalysts, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis.
Carbon dioxide is an important renewable raw materials for manufacturing valuable chemical semi-products and fuels. At present the most part of processed СО2 is used in industry for the synthesis of urea and, in significantly smaller amounts, in manufacturing polycarbonates and light chemistry products by carboxylation reactions. Hydrogenation is the most promising process for the mass consumption of carbon dioxide with methanol or hydrocarbons as the predominant target products. Hydrogenation can afford the final products either immediately, or via the intermediate formation of carbon monoxide and subsequent processing of synthesis gas in such processes as the Fischer—Tropsch (FT) synthesis. In most of the works, the mentioned processes are considered as a method for the solution of ecological problems associated with СО2 emissions to the atmosphere. Given a scale of CO2 emissions the only possible way to solve this problem involves the mass production of cheap hydrogen without formation of carbon dioxide as a secondary product. However, hydrogen manufacturing, for example, by water electrolysis using environmentally friendly production of electric * Based on the materials of the XXI Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry (September 9—13, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia).
power from alternative sources or by the photocatalytic decomposition of water still remains as projects. The studies of catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation directly to hydrocarbons С1+ occupy an important position in literature. The mono- and bimetallic catalysts containing Ni, Co, and noble metals (P
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