Hydrologic responses to rapid urbanization for small and medium sized cities: a case study of Yiwu, China
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Hydrologic responses to rapid urbanization for small and medium sized cities: a case study of Yiwu, China Dong Yang1,3 · Wen Liu1,2 · Peiran Huang1 · Zhenwei Li3 · Guanghua Xu4 · Wanbin Tang5 · Xianli Xu3 Received: 8 November 2019 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Quantitative analysis of the impact of rapid urbanization on hydrologic cycle is important for optimizing water resources management. The rapid development of small- and medium-sized cities is one of the most significant characteristics of global urbanization today and in the future. This study, therefore, was to evaluate the impact of rapid urbanization on the hydrologic cycle in a typical medium urbanizing city (Yiwu in China) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. For this purpose, scenario analyses with four land uses from different years (i.e., 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005) were conducted. The hydrological outputs from the watershed with rapid urbanization were compared with those from the surrounding watersheds with less degree of urbanization. Observed monthly surface runoff data during 1972–1988 and 1989–1993 were used for model calibration and validation, respectively. The results showed that the rapid urbanization from 1980 to 2005 in Yiwu led to increased surface runoff and reduced groundwater recharge, evapotranspiration, and soil water storage. More obvious changes in hydrological components were usually observed near the urban areas and in rainy seasons. This study provided important information for managing the rapid urbanization of small- and medium-sized cities in developing countries. Keywords Hydrologic cycle · Rapid urbanization · Scenario analysis · Small- and medium-sized cities · SWAT · Water resources
Introduction Land use changes have dramatically altered the hydrologic cycle and water balance during recent decades (Nejadhashemi et al. 2012; Seyoum et al. 2015; Yang et al. 2010). Rapid urbanization, as one of the typical ways that transform other land uses into impervious areas, may change hydrological processes in complicated ways (Remondi et al. 2016; * Wen Liu [email protected] 1
College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
2
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha 410081, China
3
Key Laboratory for Agro‑Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
4
School of Forestry and Bio‑Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China
5
Environment Protection Bureau of Yiwu, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China
Song et al. 2016). The increased impervious areas triggered from urbanization can reduce infiltration and thus tend to increase surface runoff, lower soil porosity, and reduce aquifer recharge (Gao et al. 2016; Kim et al. 2016). It facilitates the economic development but also causes a range of environmental issues, s
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