Hypercrosslinked poly(AN- co -EGDMA- co -VBC): synthesis via suspension polymerization, characterizations, and potential
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Hypercrosslinked poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC): synthesis via suspension polymerization, characterizations, and potential to adsorb diclofenac and metformin from aqueous solution Nur Syafiqah Shaipulizan 1 & Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil 1,2 & Luqman Chuah Abdullah 3 & Thomas Shean Yaw Choong 3 & Sazlinda Kamaruzaman 1 & Nur Nida Syamimi Subri 1 & Nurhanisah Othman 1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Revised: 19 September 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Poly(acrylonitrile-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-vinylbenzyl chloride) (poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC)) was synthesized by suspension polymerization and further hypercrosslinked by Friedel-Crafts reaction to serve as a sorbent to remove the pharmaceuticals. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed decreased chlorine content in the polymers, confirming a successful hypercrosslinking. BET analysis revealed that the hypercrosslinked (HXL) poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) had a specific surface area up to 363 m2 g−1 with an average particle size of 77.2–174.1 μm. Hypercrosslinking of the polymer increased the specific surface area up to 42%, even at low VBC content (10%). Pore size distribution showed that the terpolymers were mesoporous. The maximum adsorption capacity of diclofenac (DCF) and metformin (MET) determined by the Langmuir isotherm model were up to 61.0 mg g−1 and 5.1 mg g−1, respectively and the adsorption kinetic followed pseudo-second-order rate equation. The equilibrium capacity of the sorbent decreased to approximately 78% for DCF and 72% for MET after four cycles of adsorption-desorption process, exhibiting good reusability property. Keywords Suspension polymerization . Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) . Hypercrosslinked polymer . Adsorption . Diclofenac . Metformin
Introduction Increase in human population and advances in science and technology augmented pharmaceutical consumption. Abundant use of pharmaceuticals led to the release of
pharmaceutical residues into the environment, especially in water. Pharmaceuticals are usually present in water at concentrations of micrograms per liter to nanograms per liter range, which could potentially threaten the environment [1, 2]. An example of a drug that has been detected in water is diclofenac
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04757-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil [email protected]
Nur Nida Syamimi Subri [email protected] Nurhanisah Othman [email protected]
Nur Syafiqah Shaipulizan [email protected] Luqman Chuah Abdullah [email protected] Thomas Shean Yaw Choong [email protected] Sazlinda Kamaruzaman [email protected]
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Depar
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