Hypertension and Age-Related Cognitive Impairment: Common Risk Factors and a Role for Precision Aging
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SECONDARY HYPERTENSION: NERVOUS SYSTEM MECHANISMS (M WYSS, SECTION EDITOR)
Hypertension and Age-Related Cognitive Impairment: Common Risk Factors and a Role for Precision Aging Meredith Hay 1,2,3
&
Carol Barnes 2,3 & Matt Huentelman 4,3 & Roberta Brinton 5,3 & Lee Ryan 2,3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Precision Aging® is a novel concept that we have recently employed to describe how the model of precision medicine can be used to understand and define the multivariate risks that drive age-related cognitive impairment (ARCI). Hypertension and cardiovascular disease are key risk factors for both brain function and cognitive aging. In this review, we will discuss the common mechanisms underlying the risk factors for both hypertension and ARCI and how the convergence of these mechanisms may be amplified in an individual to drive changes in brain health and accelerate cognitive decline. Recent Findings Currently, our cognitive health span does not match our life span. Age-related cognitive impairment and preventing and treating ARCI will require an in-depth understanding of the interrelated risk factors, including individual genetic profiles, that affect brain health and brain aging. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease are important risk factors for ARCI. And, many of the risk factors for developing hypertension, such as diabetes, smoking, stress, viral infection, and age, are shared with the development of ARCI. We must first understand the mechanisms common to the converging risk factors in hypertension and ARCI and then design person-specific therapies to optimize individual brain health. Summary The understanding of the convergence of shared risk factors between hypertension and ARCI is required to develop individualized interventions to optimize brain health across the life span. We will conclude with a discussion of possible steps that may be taken to decrease ARCI and optimize an individual’s cognitive life span. Keywords Cognitive aging . Hypertension . Risk factors . COVID-19 . Precision aging
Introduction Precision Aging® is the application of precision medicine to the identification of the individual risk profiles and genetic This article is part of the Topical Collection on Secondary Hypertension: Nervous System Mechanisms * Meredith Hay [email protected] 1
Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Rd, Room 4103, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
2
Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
3
Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
4
Neurogenomics Division, TGen, Phoenix, AZ, USA
5
Center for Innovative Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
characteristics that link cognitive health span to life span. While there are many risk categories that affect brain and cognitive health, the effects of hypertension and cardiovascular disease on the development of age-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) and progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-re
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