I-DEEC: improved DEEC for blanket coverage in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
I‑DEEC: improved DEEC for blanket coverage in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks Vibha Nehra1 · Ajay K. Sharma2 · Rajiv K. Tripathi3 Received: 10 April 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Event critical applications demand blanket coverage. On the other hand, nodes closer to the base station are exploited as they have to spend additional energy in relaying data of far away nodes. This brings in the idea of implementing blanket coverage in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. I-DEEC improvises distributed energy efficient clustering (DEEC) by deploying network nodes in two layers. Layer 1 strategically tessellate hexagons to deploy nodes as normal or super nodes based on distance from the base station, considering the high data requirement within hop distance around the base station. Layer 2 randomly deploys advanced nodes with condition that no two advanced nodes sense the same area. Further, it uses the sum of the ratio of node’s distance to the base station along with residual energy ratio to calculate the possibility of a node to be selected as a cluster head, followed by the selection of the optimal percentage high possibility nodes as cluster heads. I-DEEC provisions blanket coverage by extending the stability period by reducing the ratio between initial energy of different types of nodes. I-DEEC revamps DEEC protocol in terms of network lifetime, percentage area coverage, throughput, and residual energy. Keywords Blanket coverage · Heterogeneous network · Stability period · Initial energy · Hexagon covering
1 Introduction The deployment of sensor nodes in an application domain has one of the following objectives: improving percentage area coverage, intensifying connectivity, attaining energy efficiency, revamp network lifetime. Usually, there exist operational trade-offs among the above objectives (Abdollahzadeh and Navimipour 2016). This implies that deployment of nodes in a sensor field requires consideration of the amount of initial energy to be given to the nodes being deployed, energy dissipation by the node based on responsibilities assigned to it, sensing area coverage, network lifetime and many more. Amount of area covered by a deployment implies to the percentage of the sum of the area enclosed by circular sensing coverage of each node to the total area of sensing field * Vibha Nehra [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
under consideration. Application domains like dense forest, underwater (Priyadarshini and Sivakumar 2019), glaciers or remote international border locations where constant physical presence is a vigorous assignment due to the extremes of nature. The physical phenom
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