ICME Framework for Simulation of Microstructure and Property Evolution During Gas Metal Arc Welding in DP980 Steel
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE
ICME Framework for Simulation of Microstructure and Property Evolution During Gas Metal Arc Welding in DP980 Steel M. J. Deepu1 · G. Phanikumar1 Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2020
Abstract An integrated computational materials engineering (ICME)-based workflow was adopted for the study of microstructure and property evolution at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of gas metal arc-welded DP980 steel. The macroscale simulation of the welding process was performed with finite element method (FEM) implemented in Simufact Welding® software and was experimentally validated. The time–temperature profile at HAZ obtained from FEM simulation was physically simulated using Gleeble 3 800® thermo-mechanical simulator with a dilatometer attachment. The resulting phase transformations and microstructure were studied experimentally. The austenite-to-ferrite and austenite-to-bainite transformations during cooling at HAZ were simulated using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation implemented in JMatPro® software and with phase-field modeling implemented in Micress® software. The phase fractions and the phase transformation kinetics simulated by phase-field method agreed well with experiments. A single scaling factor introduced in J MatPro® software minimized the deviation between calculations and experiments. Asymptotic homogenization implemented in Homat® software was used to calculate the effective macroscale thermo-elastic properties from the phase-field simulated microstructure. FEM-based virtual uniaxial tensile test with A baqus® software was used to calculate the effective macroscale flow curves from the phase-field simulated microstructure. The flow curve from virtual test simulation showed good agreement with the flow curve obtained with tensile test in Gleeble®. An ICME-based vertical integration workflow in two stages is proposed. With this ICME workflow, effective properties at the macroscale could be obtained by taking microstructure morphology and orientation into consideration. Keywords Phase-field simulation · Dual-phase steel · Microstructure evolution · Welding · ICME · Vertical integration
Introduction Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approach can help in reducing the cycle time for product development. Usage of physically based simulation in such an approach offers several interesting challenges such as taking microstructure into consideration while performing the macroscale simulation. Microstructure simulation is an important aspect in the ICME approach [1–3]. Microstructure simulation in steel involves simulation of simultaneous * M. J. Deepu [email protected] G. Phanikumar [email protected] 1
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
phase transformation such as the simultaneous transformation of austenite to ferrite, bainite, and martensite. These simulations are a major component of the vertical integ
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