ICSDEMS 2019 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sust
This book gathers selected papers from the International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering, Management and Sciences (ICSDEMS 2019), held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It highlights recent advances in civil engineering and sustainability, bringing
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ICSDEMS 2019 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering, Management and Sciences
ICSDEMS 2019
Seyed Sattar Emamian Timothy O. Adekunle Utaberta Nangkula Mokhtar Awang •
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Editors
ICSDEMS 2019 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering, Management and Sciences
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Editors Seyed Sattar Emamian Mechanical Engineering Department Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Utaberta Nangkula Linton University College Mantin, Malaysia
Timothy O. Adekunle University of Hartford Hartford, CT, USA Mokhtar Awang Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Petronas Seri Iskander, Perak, Malaysia
ISBN 978-981-15-3764-6 ISBN 978-981-15-3765-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3765-3
(eBook)
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Acknowledgements
The editors would like to thank all the members of the local organizing committee who helped organize the International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering, Management and Sciences (ICSDEMS 2019), held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We would like to thank the colleagues and staff members at the institutions and organizations that served as partners for the international conference. Their support in organizing a successful conference has helped the editors to gather ideas and papers presented in this book. The editors are grateful to all the speakers who attended the conference and shared from their wealth of experience some exciting findings who have further propelled us to publish this book. The editors also appreciate various people, including the production team at Springer, who he
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