Identification of diverse cell populations in skeletal muscles and biomarkers for intramuscular fat of chicken by single
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Identification of diverse cell populations in skeletal muscles and biomarkers for intramuscular fat of chicken by single-cell RNA sequencing Jinghui Li1, Siyuan Xing1,2, Guiping Zhao1, Maiqing Zheng1, Xinting Yang1, Jiahong Sun1, Jie Wen1 and Ranran Liu1*
Abstract Background: The development of skeletal muscle is closely related to the efficiency of meat production and meat quality. Chicken skeletal muscle development depends on myogenesis and adipogenesis and occurs in two phases— hyperplasia and hypertrophy. However, cell profiles corresponding to the two-phase muscle development have yet to be determined. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) can elucidate the cell subpopulations in tissue and capture the gene expression of individual cells, which can provide new insights into the myogenesis and intramuscular adipogenesis. Results: Ten cell clusters at the post-hatching developmental stage at Day 5 and seven cell clusters at the late developmental stage at Day 100 were identified in chicken breast muscles by scRNA-seq. Five myocyte-related clusters and two adipocyte clusters were identified at Day 5, and one myocyte cluster and one adipocyte cluster were identified at Day 100. The pattern of cell clustering varied between the two stages. The cell clusters showed clear boundaries at the terminal differentiation stage at Day 100; by contrast, cell differentiation was not complete at Day 5. APOA1 and COL1A1 were selected from up-regulated genes in the adipocyte cluster and found to be co-expressed with the ADIPOQ adipocyte marker gene in breast muscles by RNA in situ hybridization. Conclusions: This study is the first to describe the heterogeneity of chicken skeletal muscle at two developmental stages. The genes APOA1 and COL1A1 were identified as biomarkers for chicken intramuscular fat cells. Keywords: scRNA-seq, Breast muscle, Intramuscular fat, Cell cluster, RNA in situ hybridization
Background Chicken has become the largest consumer meat worldwide. The development of skeletal muscle closely relates to the efficiency of meat production and the quality of meat [1]. Chicken as a widely used developmental model
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P. R. China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
significantly elucidates the molecular and cellular bases that control developmental processes. In animals, skeletal muscle development depends on myogenesis and adipogenesis. Both myocytes and adipocytes originate from mesenchymal progenitor cells [2]. Their development occurs in two phases, the determination phase (hyperplasia) and the terminal differentiation phase (hypertrophy). Hyperplasia refers to the increase in the number of cells, which occurs mainly in the embryonic period as the numbers of adipocytes and muscle fiber
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