Identifying factors associated with obesity traits in undergraduate students: a scoping review
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REVIEW
Identifying factors associated with obesity traits in undergraduate students: a scoping review Rita E. Morassut1 • Chenchen Tian1 • David Meyre1,2 Received: 28 February 2020 / Revised: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 Ó Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives This scoping review identifies factors associated with obesity traits including body mass index, weight, and body fat percentage in undergraduate students. Methods We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for original studies of undergraduate students where an obesity trait was associated with a risk factor. Results Two-hundred sixty-eight articles were included comprising of 251 studies: 186 cross-sectional, 50 cohort, 11 interventional, and 4 qualitative. We extracted data on risk/protective factors, obesity traits, and the direction of effect between them. We identified a variety of factors including age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, diet, eating habits, physical activity, sedentary activity, sleep, stress, university campus life, alcohol use, smoking, psychiatric disorders, body image, eating attitude, eating regulation, personality, sociocultural influences, and genetics. The majority of associations were cross-sectional. For longitudinal findings, usually only one study investigated each trait. Conclusions This review identifies a need for higher quality evidence to support results from cross-sectional studies and replication of findings of longitudinal studies. This review identifies gaps in the literature, generates hypotheses, guides researchers to plan future studies, and helps decision-makers design obesity-prevention programs in universities. Keywords Undergraduate students Obesity Freshman fifteen Risk factors
Introduction Obesity is a global epidemic that affects over 650 million adults (Abarca-Go´mez et al. 2017). The comorbidities of obesity include depression, sleep apnea, chronic back pain,
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01458-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & David Meyre [email protected] Rita E. Morassut [email protected] Chenchen Tian [email protected] 1
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
2
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
osteoarthritis, gallbladder disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers (Guh et al. 2009; Luppino et al. 2010). Adolescence and young adulthood may be critical periods for the development of obesity as elevated body mass index (BMI) during this time is associated with chronic obesity, higher morbidity, and premature mortality (Hirko et al. 2015; Zheng et al. 2017). Furthermore, both duration and earlier onset of obesity are important risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes (The et al. 2013)
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