IEEE 802.15.4 historical revolution versions: A survey
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IEEE 802.15.4 historical revolution versions: A survey Lynda Alkama1
· Louiza Bouallouche-Medjkoune1
Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The IEEE 802.15.4 is a well-known standard that is widely utilized for wireless sensor networks in order to meet the low rate, low cost and energy efficiency requirements. Seventeen years have already passed since its appearance, but new amendments are constantly being introduced. Since the standard can operates in specific countries or can support some types of networks like SUN, LECIM and RFID, modifications are carried on the basic version and then new versions have been released. In this paper, we provide a clear and structured overview of the 802.15.4 standard and all its amendments and revisions. After a general introduction to the 802.15.4-2003 standard, we present a chronological description of the amendments specified by this standard. These descriptions include the modifications made either on the physical layer or the MAC sublayer. Some references having developed the amendments whether it be a simple overview or an evaluation of the performance of the standard have been cited. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of the standard as well as to deal with many problems frequented by wireless sensor networks using the basic version. Keywords WSN · IEEE 802.15.4 · Amendment · MAC · PHY
1 Introduction Beginning from 2003, IEEE 802.15.4 protocol was designed for a low-data rate, low power, low-complexity, low cost and short range radio frequency protocol of wireless personal area networks (WPAN) [1]. Its basic version was released in 1 October 2003 and then many amendments and versions have been proposed either to support a specific network type, carrying modifications (on physical layer or on MAC sublayer) or just as a revision for the previous versions. This paper is the first work in the literature that given a general description for each version where only a concise description is proposed in [2]. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2
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Lynda Alkama [email protected] Research Unit LaMOS (Modeling and Optimization of Systems), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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Alkama, Bouallouche-Medjkoune
gives the background of the wireless sensor networks in general, Sect. 3 describes the IEEE 802.15.4 base version and its characteristics. Section 4 describes the new versions of IEEE 802.15.4, the modifications made on the base standard and related studies. Finally, we conclude the paper.
2 Wireless sensor networks A WSN is composed of sensor nodes, main server and a gateway. The sensor node measures the data and transmits it through a wireless communication to the gateway. Then the gateway routs the data to the main server that will make it available for the user. Because of their low cost, ability of self-organization, high flexibility, reconfigurability, easy installation and maintenance, WSNs are applied i
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