Ignorance or motivated beliefs: the role of motivated beliefs in self-management of diabetes
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Ignorance or motivated beliefs: the role of motivated beliefs in self-management of diabetes Antonio J. Trujillo1 · Aboozar Hadavand2 · Larissa Jennings Mayo-Wilson3 · Maria Amalia Pesantes4 · Francisco Diez Canseco4 · J. Jaime Miranda4
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Exercise, dieting and adherence to medicines are effective measures to reduce longterm consequences of diabetes; however, patients throughout the world fail to manage their condition. We propose the existence of motivated beliefs as an explanation for this paradox. We empirically test the economic model of motivated beliefs using data from 100 patients with diabetes. We operationalized beliefs by comparing real BMI to an individual’s BMI reference point where she is motivated to believe that she should start preventive effort. We measure an individual reference point to start prevention by using previously validated pictorial BMI-based body size guide. Most respondent’s report a reference BMI to initiate preventive effort larger than their real BMI; interestingly this reference BMI is uncorrelated with real BMI. The distortions between real and reference body image to start prevention are higher among males and among younger individuals. Those with a larger negative distance from the reference point are 0.64 points less likely to engage in self-management, which is 23% of the average behavior. These results open the possibility that personalized medicine should incorporate information about an individual’s beliefs to improve the efficacy of treatment. Our results have implications to explain the lack of self-management in other chronic conditions. Keywords Motivated beliefs theory · Body image · Self-management of diabetes · Chronic conditions
1 Introduction Diabetes is a major public health problem which affects around 422 million adults individuals worldwide in 2014. It is growing at increasing alarming rate and with almost
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Aboozar Hadavand [email protected]
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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A. J. Trujillo et al.
80% of this total in developing countries (World Health Organization 2016). Despite well-known benefits of self-management behavior, self-management of diabetes is low worldwide (American Diabetes Association 2005; Haas et al. 2012). Multiple behavioral theories have been raised to explain this seemingly irrational individual behavior. In this paper, we depart from traditional views and test the implications of the economic model of motivated beliefs as an alternative adaptive theory to explain this behavior. The traditional policy toolkit to increase self-management of diabetes includes providing comprehensive insurance coverage, direct income assistance or price subsidies to reduce the economic burden of prevention, and implementing educational programs to enhance health literacy among patients with diabetes (Newman et al. 2004). An expanded set of policies to increase prevention considers supply-side actions to improve access to care and qual
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