ILIB (intravascular laser irradiation of blood) as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic systemi
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REVIEW ARTICLE
ILIB (intravascular laser irradiation of blood) as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic systemic diseases—an integrative literature review Ruan Felipe Ferreira Tomé 1 & Diego Filipe Bezerra Silva 2,3 & Carlus Alberto Oliveira dos Santos 2 & Gabriella de Vasconcelos Neves 2 & Ana Karina Almeida Rolim 2 & Daliana Queiroga de Castro Gomes 2 Received: 3 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To perform an integrative review of the literature on the effectiveness of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of chronic systemic diseases. This is an integrative literature review that included nonrandomized and randomized controlled clinical trials that specifically evaluated the therapeutic effect of ILIB on chronic systemic diseases, without restriction of time, and written in English. The Medical Publications (PubMed)/MEDLINE database was used. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) was used to select search descriptors with the Boolean operators “AND/OR.” After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected. Coronary diseases were the most prevalent, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the coronary artery being the most widely used access route for ILIB application. Despite the varied parameters and protocols for using this kind of therapy, all studies have shown satisfactory results in the patients’ clinical condition. ILIB proved to be effective in all organic systems, showing some positive result. However, studies on the effect of this therapy on various diseases are still scarce in the literature, and there is a need for more well-designed clinical trials to better understand the role of ILIB in various systemic diseases. Keywords Low-level light therapy . Blood . Humans . Disease
Introduction For 40 years, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in experimental and clinical fields as adjuvant therapy. LLLT can stimulate or inhibit altered biological functions and normalize them [1]. To generate biological effects, when the laser reaches the target tissue, it primarily needs to be absorbed. When cells are irradiated, light is absorbed mainly by cytochrome c
* Diego Filipe Bezerra Silva [email protected] 1
Faculdades Integradas de Patos, R. Horácio Nóbrega, S/N Belo Horizonte 58704-000 Brazil
2
Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351 – Bairro Universitário Campina Grande PB 58429-500 Brazil
3
Departament of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351 – Bairro Universitário Campina Grande PB Brazil
oxidase. This is unit IV in the mitochondrial electron transport chain [2], where the third phase of cellular respiration takes place. After the absorption of photons, there is an increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a brief burst of reactive oxygen species, an increase in nitric oxide, and a modulation of calcium levels [2]. LLLT can produce rea
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