Imidazole-based ionogel as room temperature benzene and formaldehyde sensor
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Imidazole-based ionogel as room temperature benzene and formaldehyde sensor Nerea Gil-González 1,2 & F. Benito-Lopez 3 & E. Castaño 1,2 & Maria C. Morant-Miñana 4 Received: 11 September 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A room temperature benzene and formaldehyde gas sensor system with an ionogel as sensing material is presented. The sensing layer is fabricated employing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) polymerized in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid onto gold interdigitated electrodes. When the ionogel is exposed to increasing formaldehyde concentrations employing N2 as a carrier gas, a more stable response is observed in comparison to the bare ionic liquid, but no difference in sensitivity occurs. On the other hand, when air is used as carrier gas the sensitivity of the system towards formaldehyde is decreased by one order of magnitude. At room temperature, the proposed sensor exhibited in air higher sensitivities to benzene, at concentrations ranging between 4 and 20 ppm resulting, in a limit of detection of 47 ppb, which is below the standard permitted concentrations. The selectivity of the IL towards HCHO and C6H6 is demonstrated by the absence of response when another IL is employed. Humidity from the ambient air slightly affects the resistance of the system proving the protective role of the polymeric matrix. Furthermore, the gas sensor system showed fast response/recovery times considering the thickness of the material, suggesting that ionogel materials can be used as novel and highly efficient volatile organic compounds sensors operating at room temperature. Keywords Volatile organic compounds . Ionic liquid . Electrochemical gas sensor . Ionogel
Introduction Air quality is a vibrant research area since global health organizations, and government agencies are alerting of the negative effects of the pollutants present in air over human Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-02004625-9. * Maria C. Morant-Miñana [email protected] 1
Ceit, Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
2
Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
3
Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
4
Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
population and ecosystems. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common air pollutants released by most of the chemical and petrochemical industries. These substances are typically present in low concentrations in air but their high volatility give them toxic properties that may affect the growth of plants and the health of humans a
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