Immanuel Kant His Life and Thought
To record the life of a philosopher is to reveal his work and his thought. In this biography of Immanuel Kant by Arsenij Gulyga, the reader discovers Kant’s inner life, the mind of a great philosopher whose ideas are wondrously alive and whose thoughts de
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IMMANUEL
HIS
BY
LIFE
AND
ARSENI]
TRANSLATED
KANT
THOUGHT
GULYGA
BY
Marijan Despalatovic
BIRKHAUSER Boston. Basel. Stuttgart
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gulyga, Arsenij Valdimirovich. Immanuel Kant. Translation of: Kant. Bibliography: p. Kant Immanuel, 1724-1804.2. Philosophers-Germany-Bibliography. I. Title. 193 [B] 85-7494 B2797.G8413 1985
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-0544-6
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-0542-2
001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0542-2
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
© Birkhiiuser Boston Inc., 1987 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1987
987654321
To Aleksej Fedorovic Losev
Table o/Contents
Priface ................................................................. ix 1 Fruits of Enlightenment .......................................... 1 2 "I am learning to honor man" ................................. 39 3 The Self-Critique of Reason .................................... 81 4 The Idea of Personality ........................................ 123 5 The True, the Good and the Beautiful ........................ 157 6 Faith as Hope. And Love ..................................... 189 7 Perpetual Peace ................................................ 219 By Way of an Epilogue ............................................ 259 Chronology ........................................................... 279 Notes on the Sources ................................................... 283 Footnotes . ........................................................... 285
Preface
Life and work of a philosopher cannot be unravelled into separate strands. The true events of such a life are only thoughts. Kant has no other biography than the history of his thought. He lived most of his life in one city - Konigsberg, and never ventured beyond the frontiers of East Prussia. He did not seek fame, he did not gain power; neither in living, nor in loving, did he encounter turbulence. He never married. Outwardly, Kant's life ran smoothly and uniformly. Perhaps it was more monotonous than the lives of other philosophers. That could not be said of the inner life, the life of the mind. There everything was wondrously alive. Daring ideas came into being, gathered strength, clashed with other ideas, yielded ground or ripened in the strife. Kant's thought roamed the continents, pushed beyond the confines of the earth, strove to the farthest reaches of the universe. His thought
ix
Immanuel Kant delved deeply into the human soul in order to know itself. It was intense and dramatic. Almost all methods of modern philosophical enquiry are rooted in Kant. His ideas have undergone change, but they live on. A knowledge of Kant's philosophy is a good introduction to the study of philosophy in general. He teaches us to think independently. Kant is compared to Socrates; for Kant's philosophy is profoun
