Immunological classification of gliomas based on immunogenomic profiling
- PDF / 7,052,524 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 88 Downloads / 184 Views
RESEARCH
Open Access
Immunological classification of gliomas based on immunogenomic profiling Qiushi Feng1,2,3, Lin Li1,2,3, Mengyuan Li1,2,3 and Xiaosheng Wang1,2,3*
Abstract Background: Gliomas are heterogeneous in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). However, a classification of gliomas based on immunogenomic profiling remains lacking. Methods: We hierarchically clustered gliomas based on the enrichment levels of 28 immune cells in the TIM in five datasets and obtained three clusters: immunity-high, immunity-medium, and immunity-low. Results: Glioblastomas were mainly distributed in immunity-high and immunity-medium, while lower-grade gliomas were distributed in all the three subtypes and predominated in immunity-low. Immunity-low displayed a better survival than other subtypes, indicating a negative correlation between immune infiltration and survival prognosis in gliomas. IDH mutations had a negative correlation with glioma immunity. Immunity-high had higher tumor stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition scores and included more high-grade tumors than immunity-low, suggesting that elevated immunity is associated with tumor progression in gliomas. Immunity-high had higher tumor mutation burden and more frequent somatic copy number alterations, suggesting a positive association between tumor immunity and genomic instability in gliomas. Conclusions: The identification of immune-specific glioma subtypes has potential clinical implications for the immunotherapy of gliomas. Keywords: Glioma, Lower-grade glioma, Glioblastoma, Tumor immune microenvironment, Immunological classification, Immunogenomic profiling, Clustering
Background Gliomas comprise nearly 80% of all brain malignancies and included lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM) [1]. LGG has lower grades (II, III) and a more favorable prognosis, while GBM has the highest grade (IV) and a more unfavorable prognosis [1]. Both LGG and GBM are heterogeneous in molecular profiles. For example, the TCGA network classified LGG into three subtypes: IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion, IDH mutation and no 1p/19q codeletion, and IDH wild* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China 2 Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
type [2]. Based on gene expression profiles, Verhaak et al. identified four molecular subtypes of GBM: proneural, neural, classical, and mesenchymal [3]. Certain studies have investigated the immunological heterogeneity of gliomas based on tumor immune signatures [4–5]. Doucette et al. found that antitumor immune responses predominated in the mesenchymal subtype of GBM [4]. Wu et al. identified immune-specific subtypes in diffuse LGG [5]. A recent study [6] comprehensively analyzed the tumor microenvironment of the brain and de
Data Loading...
