Immunometabolic Associations in Diseases of Complex Genesis
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nometabolic Associations in Diseases of Complex Genesis A. M. Zemskova, V. M. Zemskovb, *, M. A. Luzkya, S. S. Popova, A. N. Pashkova, and V. A. Zemskovaa aBurdenko bVishnevsky
Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received May 10, 2019; revised May 13, 2019; accepted May 13, 2019
Abstract—In the estimation of immunobiochemical indices and the use of formalized statistics, clinical models of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes aggravated by metabolic syndrome and of diffuse liver diseases have demonstrated the formation (under the influence of metabolic syndrome) of a reaction that is qualitatively homogeneous and quantitatively more pronounced with hemorrhagic stroke in the form of an imbalance in the primary and secondary products of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins; the preferential activation of enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms of the antioxidant system against a background of an accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and, in patients with diffuse liver diseases, the presence of a universal mechanism of the association of the intensity of oxidative stress (free radical oxidation) with the development of cytolytic syndrome, disorders of lipid metabolism, immune status, and the initiation of apoptosis mechanisms. Keywords: stroke, hepatitis, metabolism, immunity DOI: 10.1134/S2079086420040118
INTRODUCTION Since the realization of immunoresponse phenomena is inextricably associated with metabolic processes, including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP/cGMP) system, the synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, antibodies, cytokines, the modification of immunocompetent cell receptors, the release of regulatory factors (low molecular weight nucleic acids, acute phase proteins, products of breakdown of immune globulins), the activation of phagocytic enzymes, etc., the specified functional unity of immunobiochemical processes is a manifestation of a single phenomenon, metabolic immunity with a promising opportunity for its directional regulation (Lutskii et al., 2011, 2016; Popov et al., 2014; Zemskov et al., 2016). MATERIALS AND METHODS The following research was authorized: the study of the effect of traits of metabolic syndrome (MS), including an increase in the body mass index and the glucose and insulin levels, an imbalance in high- and low-density lipoproteins, and stages 1–2 of hypertension, on immunolaboratory disorders in patients with ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic (HS) strokes; the study of the effect of metabolic disorders in diffuse liver diseases (diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic hepatitis (AH), and drug-induced
hepatitis (DH)) on the degree of cytolytic hepatocyte syndrome, indices of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, immune status, oxidative stress intensity, and apoptosis processes. The study included 50 healthy individuals, 50 patients with IS, 50 patients with HS complicated with MS; 74 patients with AH, 87 with NASH,
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