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Various infections: 4 case reports In a retrospective study of patients conducted from September 2016 to December 2018, 4 patients [including two boys; not all sexes and exact ages stated] aged 7–34 months were described, who developed septicaemia due to Candida himalayana and Staphylococcus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia, rotavirus enteritis, herpes virus infection, reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viraemia, scrofula, recurrent pneumonia or mycoplasma infection during immunosuppressive treatment with antithymocyte globulin, budesonide, busulfan, ciclosporin, cyclophosphamide, daclizumab, dexamethasone, doxorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, ruxolitinib or tacrolimus [not all routes, dosages and outcomes stated; duration of treatments to reactions onsets not stated]. Patient 1: A 34-month-old boy, who had haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), was diagnosed with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency. He received dexamethasone, etoposide, ciclosporin [ciclosporin-A], methotrexate and prednisolone as a part of HLH-2004 protocol for 3 months. Additionally, he received 2 doses of doxorubicin, etoposide and methylprednisolone. Thereafter, he underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and received reduced intensity conditioning therapy with fludarabine 150 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg, antithymocyte globulin 10 mg/kg. He also received radiation therapy. Subsequently, he started receiving IV ciclosporin 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours from day -1, oral mycophenolate mofetil 600 mg/m2 twice a day from day +1 and IV methotrexate 15 mg/m2 on day +1 followed by methotrexate 10 mg/m2 on days +3, +6 and +11 for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, he developed grade IV GVHD with GI involvement including abdominal pain, GI bleeding and watery diarrhoea on day 137 post-transplantation. Hence, treatment with tacrolimus [FK506], methylprednisolone, budesonide and 2 doses of daclizumab was commenced. Subsequently, he developed septicaemia due to Candida himalayana and Staphylococcus, CMV viraemia and rotavirus enteritis. He also developed pancytopenia after the graft loss. He had undergone sternal bone marrow puncture, and further developed haematopericardium. Subsequently, he developed intracranial haemorrhage and coma due to accidental trauma during GVHD. Eventually, he died due to intracranial haemorrhage. Patient 2: A 17-month-old infant, who had HLH, was diagnosed with XIAP deficiency. Due to the HLH, the infant received dexamethasone, etoposide, ciclosporin [ciclosporin-A], methotrexate and prednisolone as a part of HLH-2004 protocol for 8 months. Thereafter, the infant underwent HSCT and received reduced intensity conditioning therapy with fludarabine 150 mg/m2, busulfan 8 mg/kg for 2 days, cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg and antithymocyte globulin 10 mg/kg. The infant started receiving GVHD prophylaxis with IV ciclosporin 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours from day -1, oral mycophenolate mofetil 600 mg/m2 twi